THE FIRST DECLENSION Lesson 5 J. Gresham Machen New Testament Greek for Beginners

1. THE FIRST DECLENSIONLesson 5J. Gresham MachenNew Testament Greek for Beginners Definitions, the endings, vocabulary

2. ‘ale’theia, he, truth basilei’a, he, kingdom graphe’, a writing, a scripture do’xa, he, glory eire’ne, he, peace ‘ekklesi’a, he, church entole’, commandment zoe’, he, life heme’ra, he, day kardi’a, he, heart parabole’ he, parable phwne’, he, a voice psuche’, he, a soul, a life hw’ra, he, an hour 46. Vocabulary

3. 47. All nouns of the first declension ending in alpha (a) or eta (e) are feminine.

4. SINGULAR: N. hw’ra G. hw’ras D. hw’ra A. hw’ran V. hw’ra PLURAL N. hw’rai G. hw’rwn D. hw’rais A. hw’ras V. hw’rai 48. Declension of hw’ra, he, an hour:

5. The declension of basileia, he, a kingdom • The declension of basileia, he,a kingdom, is exactly like that of hw’ra, since here also is a long accented penult in the nominative singular followed by a long a in the ultima.

6. SINGULAR: N. basilei’a G. basilei’as D. basilei’a A. basilei’an V. basilei’a PLURAL N. basilei’ai G. basilei’wn D. basilei’ais A. basilei’as V. basilei’ai Declension of basilei’a, he, a kingdom:

7. SINGULAR: N. ekklesi’a G. ekklesi’as D. ekklesi’a A. ekklesi’an V. ekklesi’a PLURAL N. ekklesi’ai G. ekklesi’wn D. ekklesi’ais A. ekklesi’as V. ekklesi’ai Declension of ekklesi’a, he, church:

8. SINGULAR N. ale’theia G. alethei’as D. alethei’a A. ale’theian V. ale’theia PLURAL N. ale’theiai G. ‘aletheiw’n D. alethei’ais A. alethei’as V. ale’theiai 53. The declension of ale’theia, he, truth, is as follows:

9. SINGULAR N. hemera G. heme’ras D. heme’ra A. hemeran V. heme’ra PLURAL N. hemerai G. hemerwn D. hemerais A. hemeras V. hemerai The declension of heme’ra, he, day, is as follows:

10. The noun ale’theia, he, truth • Has a short a in the ultima in the nominative singular. In the first declension, when the a is short in the nominative singular, it is also short in the accusative singular. • In the accusative plural, the a is long in all first-declension nouns. • The accent follows the noun rule everywhere except in the genitive plural.

11. SINGULAR N. do’xa G. do’xes D. do’xe A. do’xan V. do’xa PLURAL N. do’xai G. doxw’n D. do’xais A. do’xas V. do’xai 54. The declension of doxa, he, glory, is as follows:

12. 55. Declension rule: when the nominative ends in alpha (a) • The alpha (a) in the nominative singular of first declension nouns is changed to eta (represented by e) in the genitive and dative except after epsilon, iota, or pi.

13. SINGULAR N. graphe’ G. graphes D. graphe A. graphe’n V. graphe’ PLURAL N. graphai’ G. graphwn D. graphais A. grapha’s V. graphai’ 56. The declension of graphe, he, a writing, a scripture

14. SINGULAR N. eire’ne G. eire’nes D. eire’ne A. eire’nen V. eire’ne’ PLURAL N. eire’nai G. eire’nwn D. eire’nais A. eire’nas V. eire’nai The declension of eire’ne, he, peace

15. SINGULAR N. entole’ G. entole’s D. entole’ A. entole’n V. entole’ PLURAL N. entolai’ G. entolwn D. entolai’s A. entola’s V. entolai’ The declension of entole’, he, commandment

16. SINGULAR N. zoe’ G. zoe’s D. zoe’ A. zoe’n V. zoe’ PLURAL N. zoai’ G. zown D. zoai’s A. zoa’s V. zoai’ The declension of zoe’, he, life

17. 57. Declension rule: when the nominative ends in eta. • When a first declension noun end ends in eta, n(e), in the nominative singular, the eta is retained throughout the singular. But the plurals of all first declension nouns are alike. • Eta letter in Greek looks like n, but the sound is long e.

18. 59. Exercises: From Greek to English • 1. psuche’ ble’pei zoe’n. • A soul sees life. • 2. basilei’a ginw’skei ale’theian. • A kingdom knows truth. • 3. ‘anthrwpos gra’phei entola’s kai` no’mous. • A man writes commandments and laws. • 4. ‘apo’stoloi lamba’nousi dou’lous kai dwra kai ‘ekklesi’as. • Apostles take slaves and gifts and churches. • 5. ‘apo’stoloi kai` ‘ekklesi’ai ble’pousi zoe’n kai` tha’naton. • Apostles and churches see life and death.

19. 59. Exercises (continued)From Greek to English • 6. huio’s dou’lou le’gei parabole’n ekklesi’a. • A slave’s son tells a parable to a church. • 7. parabole’n le’gomen kai entole’n kai no’mon. • We tell a parable and a commandment and a law. • 8. basilei’as ginw’skete kai ekklesi’as. • Ye know kingdoms and churches. • 9. ekklesi’an dida’skei apo’stolos kai basilei’an doulos. • An apostle teaches a church and a slave a kingdom.

20. 59. Exercises (continued)From Greek to English • 10. no’mon kai parabole’n gra’phei ‘anthrwpos ‘ekklesi’a. • A man writes a law and a parable to a church. • 11. kardi’ai anthrw’pwn ‘echousi zw’en kai eire’nen. • Hearts of men have life and peace. • 12. phwne’ aposto’lwn dida’skei psucha’s dou’lwn. • A voice of apostles teaches souls of slaves. • 13. hwra echei doxan. • An hour has glory.

21. 59. Exercises (continued)From Greek to English • 14. phwnai’ ekklesi’wn didaskousi basilei’as kai anthrw’pous. • Voices of churches teach kingdoms and men. • 15. ble’peis dw’ra kai do’xan. • You see gifts and glory. • 16. gra’phei ekklesi’a lo’gon zwes. • He writes a word of life to a church. • 17. le’gei kardi’ais anthrw’pwn parabole’n kai no’mon. • He tells a parable and a law to hearts of men. • 18. gra’phei ekklesi’a huio’s apostolou. • A son of an apostle writes to a church.

22. 59. ExercisesFrom English to Greek. (I can give you the answers if you like, but try doing this first). • 1. A kingdom takes glory. • 2. Churches are saying parables to hearts of men. • 3. A heart of a man is teaching an apostle, and a voice of an apostle is teaching a servant. • 4. We have writings of apostles. • 5. Churches have peace and glory. • 6. A day sees life and death. • 7. Apostles take temples and kingdoms. • 8. We see houses and temples and churches. • 9. A servants says a parable to hearts of men. • 10. We voices of churches and words of truth. • 12. A voice of an apostle says a parable to souls of men.