Progressivism

1. Progressivism Manhattan's "Bandit's Roost" Alley, 1888 Men loiter in the alley known as "Bandit's Roost" off Mulberry Street in lower Manhattan.

2. Progressivism: • What and Why? • Reaction to the problems and excesses of the Gilded Age (1870-1900) • Who? • Middle & upper-middle class • Highly educated • Lots were women How? • Use the government to fix those problems

3. Who got them started: • Muckrakers • Journalists who investigated and exposed problems

4. The Jungle, Upton Sinclair: • It was only when the whole ham was spoiled that it came into the department of Elzbieta. There was never the least attention paid to what was cut up for sausage; there would come all the way back from Europe old sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy and white - it would be dosed with borax and glycerine, and dumped into the hoppers, and made over again for home consumption. There would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted billions of consumption germs. There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms; and the water from leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race about on it. It was too dark in these storage places to see well, but a man could run his hand over these piles of meat and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned bread out for them; they would die, and then rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together. This is no fairy story and no joke; the meat would be shoveled into carts, and the man who did the shoveling would not trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw one - there were things that went into the sausage in comparison with which a poisoned rat was a tidbit.

5. And it became a reform movement: • Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms: • Social Reforms • Economic Reforms • Political Reforms

6. And it became a reform movement: • Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms: • Social Reforms Social Problems Reforms/Reformers Jane Addams & Hull House (in Chicago!) 1. Urban Poverty • Beginnings of social work • Provided education, job training, day care, medical care to poor immigrants

7. And it became a reform movement: • Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms: • Social Reforms Social Problems Reforms/Reformers Jacob Riis 1. Urban poverty 2. Unsafe housing • Photographer of the lives of poor city dwellers • Spurred reforms of crime, disease, building codes

8. And it became a reform movement: • Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms: • Social Reforms Social Problems Reforms/Reformers WCTU - Women’s Christian Temperence Union 3. Drinking • 18th Ammendment - Prohibited making/selling alcohol (Prohibition) Temperance supporter Carry Nation speaks out against alcohol holding a Bible and a hatchet. Nation was famous for taking a hatchet to bar fixtures and stock

10. And it became a reform movement: • Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms: • Social Reforms Social Problems Reforms/Reformers 4. Crime/Fires • Professional fire, police departments • [Triangle Shirt Waist Fire disaster in 1911 sparked reforms] 1911-New York, NY: Traingle Shirt Waist fire disaster view of some of the ruins after the blaze swept the factory

11. And it became a reform movement: • Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms: • Social Reforms Social Problems Reforms/Reformers 5. Child labor Child Labor Laws

12. And it became a reform movement: • Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms: • Economic Reforms Economic Problems Reforms/Reformers 1. Large corporate monopolies Ida Tarbell • Took on the corruption of Standard Oil through a series of magazine articles Government began “busting” monopolies

13. And it became a reform movement: • Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms: • Economic Reforms Economic Problems Reforms/Reformers Lowered tariffs to increase competition Unfair government support of certain businesses New Income Tax (16th Amendment)

14. And it became a reform movement: • Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms: • Political Reforms Political Problems Reforms/Reformers 1. Corrupt Government Initiative - people propose legislation themselves to get around corrupt politicians Referendum - people vote on laws directly at the ballot

15. And it became a reform movement: • Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms: • Political Reforms Political Problems Reforms/Reformers 1. Corrupt Government • Recall - people can recall corrupt politicans • Secret ballot • Women’s suffrage (voting) • Direct election of Senators (17th Amend)

16. Pigs Cartoon “Bosses of the Senate” What does it mean?

17. Progressive Amendments: • 16th Amendment • 17th Amendment • 18th Amendment • 19th Amendment • Political Reforms This gave Congress the power to levy (impose) an income tax. This called for direct election of Senators. Prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages. This gave women the right to vote.

18. Progressive Presidents • Theodore Roosevelt • “Square Deal” – TR’s reforms • Labor reforms • Trust-busting • Consumer Protection • Environmental Protection • Taft • More trust-busting, fewer reforms • Woodrow Wilson • “New Freedom”- Wilson’s reforms • More business regulation • Lowered tariffs; + income tax (16th) • Women’s Suffrage (19thAmend)