Space exploration

1. Space exploration

2. Do Now: Space Exploration Timeline A dog, Latkia • What occurred on October 4th, 1957? Russian’s launched Sputnik into orbit around the earth. • WHAT was launched into space by the Russians in 1957, that unfortunately did not survive the trip? • What happened to Apollo 1 in 1967? On January 27 - Astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee were killed in an accidental fire on the launch pad. • 4. What happened with the Apollo 8 Mission in 12/21/68? • 5. July 21st 1969…. • On November 13, 1971, ______________ probe became the first to orbit another planet (Mars). • In September 1976, the ________________ discovered crystalized water on Mars. • In March and August of 1979, Voyagers 1 and 2 began transmitting from __________’s moons. • Also in 1979, the Pioneer 11 began transmitting images from ____________’s rings. 1st crew to orbit the moon Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins are 1st to land on the moon Mariner 9 Viking 2 Jupiter’s Saturn’s

3. Do Now: supplies for you model must on your table • What were some of the major of accomplishments of the Voyager and Pioneer Missions? • Pioneer I0 (1972) The 1st object to go further than Mars and explored Jupiter and Saturn • Pioneer 11-( 1973)- studied magnetic fields, moons and rings of Jupiter and Saturn • Pioneer 12 and 13 (1978) Were sent to explore the volcanic eruptions and canyons of Venus • Voyagers 1 and 2 (1977)- Were devised to the planetary alignments and distance of the outer solar system. Voyager 1 is moving at 35,790pmh and is now the FIRST object to explore interstellar Space (outside the solar system) • What is WMAP and why is it important? • It is the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (2001) and is meant to study evidence including ; background radiation, dark matter/energy, time and temperature of the Big Bang, as well as shape and timeline of our universe today. • When were the Columbia Missions and what did they accomplish? • Columbia was the very first SHUTTLE program that began in 1981 • After Columbia we continued shuttle missions with Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis and Endeavour shuttle missions • However, Columbia’s 28th mission failed while REENTERING the Earth’s atmosphere and all 7 crew members were killed in 2003.

4. Do Now: • What was discovered YESTERDAY on the rocks gathered from the moon during the Apollo Missions? • Pieces of the original planet that impacted Earth (The Impact Theory) 4.5 billion years ago that created our moon! • When was Hubble launched and what have been some of its biggest discoveries? • 1991; first for images to the edge of our universe, image to the size and details of the universe, provide support for our 3,500 journals of discoveries in astronomy as well as supported Hubble’s Law about the speeding expansion of the universe. • When was Mars Curiousity launched and what have been some of it’s biggest accomplishments? • Launched 11/26/11 and landed on Mars on 8/6/12. Curiousity conducted several studies into the soils of Mars looking for evidence of microbial life. It also discovered evidence on an extinct, knee-deep stream, discovered methane in the air (product of carbon life) as well as discovered radiation levels that could be harmful to astronauts. • When and what are the goal/discoveries of the Spitzer Telescope? • Launched 2003; it uses infrared technology to study celestial objects. It was first to discover an exo-planet orbiting and distant star as well as reveal its atmosphere. Spitzer also has the ability to pinpoint hundreds of distant blackholes as well as captured the center of galaxy.

5. Do Now: Space Exploration Timeline- What did the following accomplish and when? • International Space Station: • To years and 15 countries to construct. Is about the size of a football field. Main goals of ISS are to conduct studies in biology, astronomy, meteorology and geology for future space missions such as to the moon and Mars • Galileo • Launched 1989 Used Earth’s gravity to propel itself faster towards Jupiter. Also took specific readings of Earth’s atmosphere to determine the characteristics needed in a planet’s atmosphere to have life. • Challenger Missions: • Began in 1983 and accomplished the first space walk and also launched the first woman in space. Also, deployed satellites and conducted the first full landing of a space shuttle. Later Challenger was first to conduct a full orbit of earth however, the tragedy on January 28 1986 ended the missions. • Kepler Probe • Launched 2009, The goal of the Kepler telescope is to find terrestrial planets that could contain life. Kepler has now found over 2,700 exo-planets that meet the criteria to possibly have life. • Spirit and Curiosity • Both launched in 2003, Spirit uncovered ancient springs or steam vents as well as the soil in the Gusev Crater but went silent in 2010. Opportunity found dramatic evidence of a once wet Mars, possibly salty oceans once covered Mars. • Cassini • Launched 1997 Was sent to observe Saturn’s rings, atmosphere but especially Titan and the other moons of Saturn. The most important discovery was the extremely large geysers on the moon Enceladus. • Vega • Vega 1 and 2 landed on the surface of Venus to study its atmosphere and active volcanoes, 1984 • Helios • Helios 1972 1- distance from sun and magnetic field, 196- studies solar wind, plasma, cosmic rays and dust