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U nited A rab Emirates U niversity Chemical and Petroleum Engineering

U nited A rab Emirates U niversity Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. Desalination of seawater using exhaust CO 2. Presented By: Ahmad Hussain AlHossany Adeeb Omar Bamatraf Mohamad Jamal El-Cadi Saleh Mohammed Mohammed Advisor: Co-advisors:

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U nited A rab Emirates U niversity Chemical and Petroleum Engineering

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  1. United Arab Emirates UniversityChemical and Petroleum Engineering Desalination of seawater using exhaust CO2 Presented By: Ahmad Hussain AlHossany Adeeb Omar Bamatraf Mohamad Jamal El-Cadi Saleh Mohammed Mohammed Advisor: Co-advisors: Dr. Ali Al-Marzouqi Dr. Omar Chaalal

  2. Water Desalination • The [Na+] of seawater is 14,000 ppm. • Brackish Water with [Na+] of 1000 – 4000 ppm is suitable for irrigation (depending on crops). • Saline type agriculture is under research to use saline water up to [Na+] of 10,000 ppm. • Water demands include: • Domestic use • Agriculture use • Industrial use

  3. Thermal (Evaporation) Reverse Osmosis ( RO ) Electrodialysis (ED) Vapor Compression (VC ) Multiple Effect Distillation ( MED ) Membrane Main Desalination Technologies Multi-Stage Flash (MSF)

  4. Gas Flaring in the UAE Total Gas Flaring in the UAE 83 MMSCFD MMSCFD

  5. OBJECTIVE Propose a practical process, at low cost, for producing large quantities of brackish water, using CO2 from combustion exhaust, which otherwise would be contaminating the environment.

  6. Advantages of the proposed process: • Low energy consumption = low cost. • Raw materials available at low cost. • Produce brackish water for irrigation purposes. • Produce valuable by-products. • Solves two environmental problems: • Reduce CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. • Treatment of reject brine or formation water.

  7. Theory - The absorbed CO2 reacts with ammonia in the ammoniated brine to form carbamic acid. CO2 + NH3 NH2COOH (carbamic acid ) (1) - Carbamic acid reacts with ammonia to form ammonium carbamate. NH3 + NH2COOH NH4+ + NH2COO- (2) - The overall reaction is given as (Primary Rxn.) : CO2 + 2NH3 NH2COO- + NH4+ (3) - The carbonate slowly converts into bicarbonate (Secondary Rxn.) : NH2COO- + H2O NH3 + HOCOO- (4) • Main Reaction: • NaCl (aq) + NH3 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2(g) NaHCO3 (s) + NH4Cl(aq)

  8. EXPERIMENTAL WORK • Aim: • To investigate the optimum conditions that give • the best quality of irrigation water. • - Temperature • - Pressure • - Concentration of NaCl • - Concentration of Ammonia • - CO2 flow rate • - Mixing • - Time

  9. Experimental Setup

  10. PRECIPITATE

  11. Experimental Work Experiments were conducted at 25 oC

  12. Process Flow Diagram

  13. Evaporation % required for different feed types

  14. HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS Safety of the employees: - Complete training on each piece of equipment - Wear personal protective equipment The operating conditions (i.e. P, T, and concentration of chemicals) will always be within OSHA regulations and limits

  15. Conclusion • Effects of different parameters were investigated. • Optimum Conditions: • T = 20 oC • P = 2 atm • CO2 Flow Rate to reactor = 2 L/min • NH3/NaCl Ratio = 1 • Time of reaction = 2 hrs

  16. Conclusion • Proposed process has a low energy consumption since exhaust gases are available at high temperature. • Most of the raw materials are readily available at low cost. • Proposed process solves two environmental problems: • Reduce CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. • Treatment of reject brine or formation water.

  17. Thank You for Your Attention Questions ????

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