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Napoleon Bonaparte

Napoleon Bonaparte, born in Corsica and later becoming a French citizen, rose to power and became the dictator of France. Through his leadership, he implemented widespread reforms and achieved great military success. However, his blunders in Spain, the Continental System, and the invasion of Russia eventually led to his downfall. Nevertheless, Napoleon's legacy includes the rise of nationalism, the spread of political ideas, and the need for diplomatic solutions.

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Napoleon Bonaparte

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  1. Napoleon Bonaparte “Ambition is never content even on the summit of greatness.”

  2. Born in Corsica as an Italian- Became a French citizen at the age of 1 Corsica

  3. Became dictator (all power held by a single person) of France for 10 years in 1799 when he launched a coup d’ etat (stroke of state) against the Directory

  4. Became Emperor for life after winning a plebiscite (yes or no vote)

  5. Napoleon was immediately at war with the Second Coalition (countries united against France)

  6. Coalitions were formed because other European Monarchs did not want their people to see the French get away with killing their king and starting Republics.

  7. Loved by all of the French

  8. NAPOLEON AS LEADER OF FRANCE

  9. General Reforms • Freedom of worship • Stabilized food prices • Class Equality • Rebuilt Paris • Got rid of 10 day week (& calendar)

  10. Legal Reform: • The Napoleonic Code – single set of laws for all of France • Equality of law • Basic liberties • Restored slavery • Limits on women’s rights • Limits on political rights and freedom of speech and press • NO LAWS APPLIED TO NAPOLEON

  11. Class Reforms • Clergy • Improved Catholic’s status • Gave back land • Dropped state controls

  12. Nobility • Allowed nobility to return from exile • Gave back land and political status

  13. Bourgeoisie • Stabilized markets and trade • Lowered taxes • Peasants • Jobs • Lowered food prices

  14. Napoleon as a Military Leader Wave of victories Great General – People loved him there was a major growth in French Nationalism

  15. THREE BLUNDERS

  16. 1. Spain– kicked out old king and put his brother, Joseph, in charge of Spain. Spanish fought back with help from the British. Guerrilla Warfare destroyed the French. Napoleon has to pull out (300,000 French killed)

  17. Continental System Napoleon tried to isolate trade with Britain (to hurt their economy), but it backfired. • Battle of Trafalgar - Napoleon lost to the British navy. This was Napoleon’s first major defeat

  18. Russia (1812) Napoleon goes in with 400,000 + troops, comes back with 10,000

  19. While Napoleon was “down,” the other countries ganged up to defeat him at the Battle of Leipzig (Battle of Nations) - 1813

  20. Napoleon gives up the throne and was exiled to Elba.

  21. 100 Days - Napoleon’s return to power • People didn’t like Louis XVIII (brother of the guillotined king) • Napoleon escaped Elba (Louis fled) • Napoleon regained full power • Napoleon: best defense is a good offense. He attacked the British General Wellington at Waterloo (Belgium) • Napoleon was defeated for the final time

  22. This time he’s sent to St. Helena, between Africa and South America He died in 1821 of a stomach ailment.

  23. LEGACY • Rise of Nationalism • ·Division of people by country not socialclass • ·People willing to go to war based on love of country • ·Wars to combine city-states, divide empires

  24. LEGACY (CONTINUED) Need for: ·Coalitions and alliances Diplomacy as an option to war

  25. LEGACY (CONTINUED) Spread of ideas: Political philosophy Revolution as an option Equality, speech, voting, property Rise of a professional military

  26. Congress of Vienna • September, 1814, through June, 1815 • Austria, Great Britain, Prussia, and Russia sought to: • Restore the Old Regime • Establish a balance of power

  27. Congress of Vienna

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