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Urinary System

Urinary System. Introduction. Consists of Two kidneys Two ureters One urinary bladder One urethra. Introduction. Urine is excreted from each kidney through its ureter and is stored in the urinary bladder. Introduction. Urine is expelled from the body through the urethra.

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Urinary System

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  1. Urinary System

  2. Introduction • Consists of • Two kidneys • Two ureters • One urinary bladder • One urethra

  3. Introduction • Urine is excreted from each kidney through its ureter and is stored in the urinary bladder

  4. Introduction • Urine is expelled from the body through the urethra

  5. Anatomy of Kidneys • Retroperitoneal organs

  6. External Anatomy of Kidneys • Hilus – A vertical fissure near the center of the concave medial border

  7. External Anatomy of Kidneys • Ureters leave and blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter and exit at the hilus

  8. Internal Anatomy of Kidneys • Consists of • Cortex • Medulla • Pyramids • Papillae • Columns • Minor and Major calyces • Renal pelvis

  9. Internal Anatomy of Kidneys • Nephron – functional unit of the kidney

  10. Blood and Nerve Supply of the Kidneys • Blood enters the kidney through the renal artery

  11. Blood and Nerve Supply of the Kidneys • Blood exits via the renal vein

  12. Nephrons • Consists of • Renal corpuscle • Renal tubule

  13. Renal Corpuscle • Where fluid is filtered

  14. Renal Corpuscle Consists of • Glomerulus • Glomerular Capsule

  15. Renal Corpuscle • Glomerulus – capillary knot

  16. Renal Corpuscle • The glomerular capsule consists of • Visceral layer • Parietal layer • Capsular Space

  17. Renal Corpuscle • The visceral layer consists of modified simple squamous epithelial cells called podocytes

  18. Renal Corpuscle • The parietal layer consists of simple squamous epithelium and forms the outer wall of the capsule

  19. Renal Corpuscle • Fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries enters the capsular space

  20. Renal Corpuscle • Capsular space – the space between the two layers of the glomerular capsule

  21. Renal Tubule • Filtered fluid passes through here

  22. Nephron • Renal tubule • Proximal convoluted tubule • Loop of Henle • Distal convoluted tubule

  23. Nephron • Distal convoluted tubules of several nephrons drain into to a single collecting duct

  24. Nephron • Many collecting ducts drain into a small number of papillary ducts

  25. Nephron • These empty urine into the minor calyces

  26. Nephron • Loop of henle consists of • Descending limb • Thin ascending limb • Thick ascending limb

  27. Nephron • Two types of nephrons • Cortical nephron • Juxtamedullary nephron

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