PERCEPTION!

1. PERCEPTION!

2. Our Essential Questions • How does perception influence our perspectives? • What is the Gestalt perspective? • What are the various types of perceptions we have?

3. Perception • The process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensation • Sensation is the stimulation, perception is the interpretation

5. What do you think this mental integration, organization and interpretation is influenced by?

6. Perceptions influenced by: ----Motivation ----Values ----Expectations ----Experience ----Culture ----Cognitive Style ----Personality

7. Perception • Selective Attention focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

8. Visual Capture • tendency for vision to dominate the other senses

9. Perception – say it • The process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensation

11. Perceptual Constancy • We perceive objects as unchanging despite changes in retinal image • color/ brightness • shape • size

12. The door changes shape, but you know that it doesn’t really change

13. Visual capture • tendency for vision to dominate the other senses

14. Gestalt Psychology • “unified whole” • Whole>sum of its parts • If we break experiences into their basic parts, something important is lost

15. What do you see here?

16. What do you see here?

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18. Gestalt Psychology • Gestalt Psychologists focus on how we normally perceive images as groups, not isolated elements • Several factors influence how we will group objects: -Proximity -Similarity -Continuity -Closure

19. Gsaeltt pysolgchoy epxanlis why taetlned eodtirs msis ebmarsasrnig tpyos. Our mnid prerefs "ctrorecing" waht we altclauy see.

20. Figure- Ground relationship • organization of the visual field into object (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground) • Analyzing separate information allows us to re-act to each individual object accordingly • Camouflage – when figures blend into the background

21. Camouflage

22. What is the figure, and what is the background here?

23. Dyslexia: inability to revisualize the gestalt of the word • Is this a problem with sensation or perception?

24. Can you remember? • 836492059

25. How’d you do? • 836492059

26. Grouping • tendency to organize stimuli into groups • Aka “chunking” • Patterns, shapes, forms • How many #s can we remember?

27. So how do we group? • Similarity • Proximity • Continuity • Closure

28. Grouping - Similarity • The tendency to place items that look similar into a group

30. Grouping - Proximity • The tendency to place objects that are physically close to each other in a group

32. Grouping - Continuity • The tendency to follow a line and continue along the simplest, smoothest path

34. Grouping - Closure • The tendency to fill in gaps in a perceptual field

37. Perceptual Set • a bias or readiness to perceive certain aspects of available sensory data and to ignore others • Stereotypes?

38. Depth Perception • ability to see objects in 3D • allows us to judge distance

39. Let’s try it! • Binocular vs. monocular…which one’s better? • With both eyes open, touch your index fingers together in front of your face. • Now close one eye and try. • Try at different distances.

40. Depth Perception: Binocular Depth Cues Module 10: Perception

41. Depth Perception – Binocular Cues • Retinal disparity: differences between 2 images of 1 scene • most effective when the item is quite close to the person

42. Depth Perception – Binocular Cues • Convergence: 2 eyes focusing on the same object creates tension • The more tension, the closer the object • Works best at close distances

43. Depth Perception: Monocular Depth Cues Module 10: Perception

44. Depth Perception - Monocular Cues • Relative size: Using the perceived size of a familiar object to determine depth • The larger the object appears, the closer the object is to the viewer

45. Depth Perception - Monocular Cues • Relative motion: when moving, we can determine depth by focusing on a distant object • Aka motion parallax • http://psych.hanover.edu/krantz/motionparallax/motionparallax.html

46. Relative Motion

47. Depth Perception – Monocular Cues • Figure-ground: tendency to organize stimuli into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surrounding (the ground) • figure = object (s) that draws one’s attention • ground = background

48. What is the figure, and what is the background here?

49. Depth Perception – Monocular Cues • Interposition/Overlap: closer object blocks distant object

50. Depth Perception – Monocular Cues • Relative clarity: distant objects are less clear than nearby objects • Texture gradient: distant objects have a smoother texture than nearby objects