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ROAD USER CHARGING IN CITIES

G NSS for IN novative R oad A pplications. ROAD USER CHARGING IN CITIES. The potential of EGNOS/Galileo Konstandinos Diamandouros 2/6/2010 Brussels. THE ECONOMIC ROLE OF CITIES. URBAN CONTEXT OF TRANSPORT. 72% of EU’s population lives in cities

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ROAD USER CHARGING IN CITIES

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  1. GNSS for INnovative Road Applications ROAD USER CHARGING IN CITIES The potential of EGNOS/Galileo Konstandinos Diamandouros 2/6/2010 Brussels

  2. THE ECONOMIC ROLE OF CITIES. URBAN CONTEXT OF TRANSPORT • 72% ofEU’spopulationlives in cities • 85% ofEU’s GDP produced in cities • Urban centres – a crucial factor forEurope’seconomy • Urban centres sufferingfromincreasinglevelsofcongestion • 40% of CO 2 emissions and 70% of emissions of other air pollutantsfrom road transport are due to urbantraffic. • One in everythree fatal road traffic accidents happens in urban areas RUC IN CITIES. THE POTENTIAL OF EGNOS/GALILEO. THE GINA PROJECT 09/09/2014

  3. TRANSPORT: THE FUTURE URBAN CONTEXT • Demand of transport is expected to increase • Despite ageing, Europe’s citizens are becoming increasing mobile • By 2050, 82% of the EU population will be living in cities So, what is the way forward? • Need for sustainable transport • Reconcile economic with environmental objectives • Strike balance between increasing need for mobility and the growing carbon footprint RUC IN CITIES. THE POTENTIAL OF EGNOS/GALILEO. THE GINA PROJECT 09/09/2014

  4. ROAD PRICING: EU POLICY OVERVIEW • July 2008: Greening Transport Package –Eurovignette III • June 2009: Communication on the Future of Transport • September 2009 Urban Mobility Action Plan RUC IN CITIES. THE POTENTIAL OF EGNOS/GALILEO. THE GINA PROJECT 09/09/2014

  5. GNSS ROAD PRICING: THE NATIONAL CONTEXT • Different existing initiatives and others coming soon. Examples: • Germany (2005): charging of HGV>12t • Slovakia (2010): charging of HGV>3,5 t on selected corridors • Ambitious Dutch Plan for nationwide pay-per-km by 2018! • Projected reduction of km driven by 15% • Projected reduction of CO2 emissions by 10% • Projected reduction of congestion by 50% Still challenges for a GNSS-based nationwide RUC scheme: • The economic and technical feasibility of large scale scheme remains uproven • No tangible evidence confirming that GNSS RUC will reduce congestion and pollution RUC IN CITIES. THE POTENTIAL OF EGNOS/GALILEO. THE GINA PROJECT 09/09/2014

  6. USE OF GNSS FOR RUC - TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES • GNSS is mainly used in EFC systems for: • ALWAYS: Detection that vehicle is using the charging infrastructure (or a part subject to special tariff) -> “geo-object” identification. • IN DBC: Measurement of travelled distance within this infrastructure • GNSS based position is subject to (potentially large) errors that can provoke a wrong distance measurement or, worse, a wrong detection -> A “normal” GPS receiver is not enough! • Protecting the mentioned interests implies that the impact (probability) of those wrong identifications is properly bounded: • A high percentage of the vehicles that are within the geo-object have to be identified as such (Toll Charger not to loose income) • Only an extremely low probability should be allowed for vehicles that are not within the geo-object to be identified as within the object (User not to be overcharged; system credibility) RUC IN CITIES. THE POTENTIAL OF EGNOS/GALILEO. THE GINA PROJECT 15/04/2010

  7. Error GNSS-BASED RUC: SOLUTIONS FOR DIFFICULTIES DETECTED Real position • Use of additional sensors in the OBU and/or infrastructure plus limiting the use to a particular (highway) network. Higher cost than in a “GNSS only” solution. • 2) Use of advanced data processing algorithms focused on position reliability. A reliable position (input) will ensure a reliable charging computation (output). GNSS solution =>The GINA solution RUC IN CITIES. THE POTENTIAL OF EGNOS/GALILEO. THE GINA PROJECT 15/04/2010

  8. THE GINA SOLUTION GINA proposes to use the second type of solutions using the so called “position integrity” that is a concept introduced by civil aviation for safety critical applications (and for which EGNOS is designed!) • Receiver computes not only position (as all receivers do) but it is also able to bound the position error: each epoch Rx computes a circle in which the real position is guaranteed to be with a very high probability e.g. 99.999% • The identification of Geo-objects is based on the use of these circles. Since the real position is guaranteed to be within these circles with a very high probability, the geo-fencing process becomes highly reliable. RUC IN CITIES. THE POTENTIAL OF EGNOS/GALILEO. THE GINA PROJECT 15/04/2010

  9. THE GINA PROJECT APPROACH AND INNOVATION • GINA: project co-funded by GSA/EC, FP7 GALILEO Call 1, coordinated by GMV • Collaborative Project, Activity: Exploiting the full potential, Area: Mass Market Applications, Topic: GALILEO-2007-1.1-01 Innovative GNSS-based Road Applications • GINA: • Collaborative Project, 24 months • 2.2 M€ (~1.3 M€ funded) • 12 partners / 7 countries, whole value chain RUC IN CITIES. THE POTENTIAL OF EGNOS/GALILEO. THE GINA PROJECT 09/09/2014

  10. GINA OBJECTIVES Main project objectives: • Analysis of context of a nation-wide GNSS-based RUC (and VAS) with especial emphasis on market and business potential • Trials: Dutch ABvM as a reference With the purpose of • Proving the technical feasibility and economical viability of a large scale, GNSS-only road pricing scheme (alternatives to GNSS are being considered by authorities) • Identifying the potential benefits related to congestion and pollution management • Demonstrating the possibility of VAS running on a road pricing operating platform, as well as the use of the same on board equipment shared by different applications • Understanding the added value of the EU technology in terms of performance or cost improvement compared to GPS-only. RUC IN CITIES. THE POTENTIAL OF EGNOS/GALILEO. THE GINA PROJECT 09/09/2014

  11. THE TRIALS • Large scale demonstrator at national scale (in Netherlands) for RUC and VAS. • OBJECTIVE: Demonstrate how and with what performance GNSS technology based on European GNSS infrastructure can support the implementation of a RUC scheme and justify its added value as compared with GPS-only (performance and cost improvement) • 2 trials levels: RUC IN CITIES. THE POTENTIAL OF EGNOS/GALILEO. THE GINA PROJECT 09/09/2014 05/03/2010

  12. THE EXHAUSTIVE TRIALS • Objectives: • GNSS performance evaluation: GNSS accuracy, GNSS integrity (integrity risk, size and availability of PLs). • Distance measurement performance: accuracy of distance measurements • Geo-objectsidentification performance: distancemeasurement once geo-objectidentified, wrongidentification / misidentification of geo-objects • Charging performance: overalldistancemeasurementaccuracy, overallchargingmeasurementaccuracy, overcharging performance • 4 configurations GPS/ EGNOS, CANBUS (yes / no) • 2 vehicles(Navteq, GMV) equippedwith I-20 OBUs + high performance referenceequipment • 3 test routestochallenge GNSS accuracy and/oravailability and representative of conditionslikelytobefacedby drivers in NL (>20 repetitions) • Geo-objectsforeachroutewithchallengingenvironmentsfor GNSS • Post-processing of data => increasedflexibility in theanalysis • Exhaustive trialscampaignfinished. Analysison-going RUC IN CITIES. THE POTENTIAL OF EGNOS/GALILEO. THE GINA PROJECT 05/03/2010

  13. THE EXHAUSTIVE TRIALS (II) Motorway, Urban Amsterdam

  14. THE EXHAUSTIVE TRIALS (III) Urban, The Hague

  15. THE EXHAUSTIVE TRIALS (IV) Urban, Motorway - Rotterdam

  16. THE END2END TRIALS • Objectives • “Soft” analysis: Overall assessment of capabilities of the system from different perspectives (including capability to generate invoices, evaluation of drivers reaction and feedback, provisioning of added-value services) • 100 vehicles fitted with I-20 OBUs • Drivers: ARVAL’s customers: volunteers driving as usual. • Periodic feedback by means of anonymous questionnaires => soft & data analysis • Status: Launched and going on until October . 2010 Confidential Confidential RUC IN CITIES. THE POTENTIAL OF EGNOS/GALILEO. THE GINA PROJECT 05/03/2010

  17. IMPACT ON POLLUTION AND CONGESTION MANAGEMENT While debate on “Eurovignette” Directive which lays down common rules on pricing of transport infrastructure, motivated by the “greening” of surface transport and the need to internalise external costs: Pollution / Noise / Traffic congestion Data collected during GINA trials processed to relate RUC and VAS with pollution and congestion GNSS + drivers’ feedback => how “green” driving of trials participants has been RUC IN CITIES. THE POTENTIAL OF EGNOS/GALILEO. THE GINA PROJECT 09/09/2014 Page 17

  18. ADDITIONAL TRIAL IN PORTUGAL • ASCEDNI (Portuguese highway operator). Summer 2010 • - Objective: to demonstrate how GINA and GNSS-based Road Pricing systems could be used for event based charging, such as motorway toll roads. • - Comparison of performance of GINA with existing DSRC-based Road tolling solutions. Use of GNSS for other VAS of interest for a highway

  19. Dissemination and exploitation • Traditional dissemination channels: website, PR, newsletters, specialised press • In addition, dedicated communication channel with ‘selected’ group of end users who have shown an interest in the technology, commercially speaking • September 2010 – Focussed workshop to present the pre-liminary results of the trials to ‘selected’ group. • Beginning 2011: Stakeholders conference

  20. Thank you k.diamandouros@erf.be

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