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Islam Expands

Islam Expands. Chapter 10 Section 2. Vocab. Caliph Umayyads Shi’a Sunni Sufi Abbasids Al- Andalus Fatimid. Muhammad’s Successor Spread Islam. “Rightly Guided Caliphs” No successor or plan for one after Muhammad’s death Muslim community elects Abu-Bakr as first caliph

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Islam Expands

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  1. Islam Expands Chapter 10 Section 2

  2. Vocab • Caliph • Umayyads • Shi’a • Sunni • Sufi • Abbasids • Al-Andalus • Fatimid

  3. Muhammad’s Successor Spread Islam • “Rightly Guided Caliphs” • No successor or plan for one after Muhammad’s death • Muslim community elects Abu-Bakr as first caliph • Caliph: “successor” or “deputy” • Abu-Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali all knew Muhammad used the Qur’an and Muhammad to guide their leadership • After Muhammad’s death some Muslims left Islam • Abu-Bakr used jihad to expand Islam • Jihad: “Striving”; armed struggle against unbelievers

  4. Muhammad’s Successors Spread Islam • Reasons for Success • 750 CE Muslim Empire stretched from Atlantic to Indus River • Muslim armies well disciplined and expertly commanded • Benefited from weaker empire in the area • People of other empires were persecuted for not worshiping official religion; welcomed Muslims

  5. Muhammad’s Successors Spread Islam • Treatment of Conquered People • Qur’an forbade forced conversion • Allowed people to keep own religion • Christians and Jews pay a poll tax to get out of military service

  6. Internal Conflict Creates a Crisis • Umayyads: • Come to power and move capital to Damascus • Moved away from Mecca; controlling territories easier • Arab Muslims felt Damascus was too far away from their lands • Umayyads let go of caliphs and begin to surround with wealth and ceremony (non-Muslim rulers) • Begins fundamental split in Muslim community

  7. Internal Conflict Creates a Conflict • Sunni: • Follower of Muhammad’s example • Follow the Sunna • Claim Shi’a distorted the meaning of the Qur’an • 83% of Muslim pop. • Shi’a : • Ruler must be descendent of Muhammad • Claim Sunni have distorted the meaning of the Qur’an • 16% of Muslim pop.

  8. Control Extends Over 3 Continents • Abbasids Consolidate Power: • 750 Abbasids take control over the Umayyads • Ruthlessly murder remainders of Umayyad family • Move capital to new city in central Iraq; Baghdad • Center of trade routes for goods, gold, and info

  9. Control Extends Over 3 Continents • Muslim Trade Network • Two major sea-trading networks; Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean • Enables Muslim Empire to trade with entire world • Land Network; Silk Road traveled from China and India to Europe and Africa • Established series of banks across the empire • First to use “checks” • Muslim cities attracted many Muslim and non-Muslim people; created cultural blending

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