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The hundred years war and the plague

The hundred years war and the plague. 14.4. Main idea and why it matters now. MI: In the 1300’s, Europe was torn apart by religious strife, the bubonic plague, and the Hundred Years War

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The hundred years war and the plague

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  1. The hundred years war and the plague 14.4

  2. Main idea and why it matters now • MI: In the 1300’s, Europe was torn apart by religious strife, the bubonic plague, and the Hundred Years War • WIMN: Events of the 1300’s led to a change in attitudes toward religion and the state, a change reflected in modern attitudes

  3. A church divided • Pope and King Collide • In 1300, Pope Boniface VIII asserts authority over France’s Philip IV • Philip has him put in prison; pope dies soon after • Avignon and the Great Schism • In 1305, French pope is chosen; moves to Avignon in France (Clement V) • In 1378, two popes chosen – one in Rome, one in Avignon • Each calls the other false, causing split called Great Schism • In 1417, Council of Constance ends schism, chooses Martin V as pope

  4. Two popes

  5. Scholars challenge Church Authority • Englishman John Wycliffe argues that Jesus head of the Church, not pope • Wycliffe preaches against wealth and worldliness of clergy • Wycliffe inspires English translation of the New Testament • Jan Hus – Bohemian professor – teaches that Bible is final authority • Hus is excommunicated, tried as a heretic, burned at the stake in 1415

  6. Quick questions • Why did Pope Clement V move from Rome to Avignon in France? • How did John Wycliffe’s beliefs further weaken the power of the pope?

  7. The bubonic plague strikes • Origins and Impact of the Plague • In 1300’s, Europe suffers bubonic plague – extremely deadly disease • Begins in Asia; spreads to Italy and other countries over trade routes • About a third of European population dies in the epidemic • Effects of the Plague • Town populations fall, trade declines, prices rise • Some serfs leave manors for paying work • Many different groups blamed and killed; Church is weakened

  8. Pairs activity • In pairs read through the information provided to you on the Bubonic Plague and answer the two questions at the bottom of the information sheet

  9. The hundred years war • England and France • Hundred Years War – lasts from 1337- 1453, between England and France • English king Edward III claims French throne • War marks the end of medieval society; change in style of warfare • The Longbow Changes Warfare • In 1346, English army with longbows beats much larger French army • The English win other victories with longbows in 1356 and 1415 • Victory of longbows signal end of reliance on knights

  10. Joan of Arc • French peasant girl who believes in visions of saints • Leads French army to victory at Orleans; Charles VII crowned king • In 1430 England’s allies; the Burgundians, capture Joan in battle • Church condemns her as a witch and heretic • May 30th, 1431, she is burned at the stake

  11. Joan of arc

  12. The impact of the hundred years war • Ends in 1453 • Both France and England experience major changes • Rise in nationalistic feelings; king becomes national leader • Power and prestige of French monarch increases • Religious devotion and the code of chivalry crumbles • England begins period of turmoil, war of the Roses

  13. Review questions • What was the Great Schism? • What impact did Joan of Arc have on the Hundred Years War? • What event do you think diminished the power of the Church more – the Great Schism or the plague? • What problems did survivors face after the plague swept through their town?

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