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Introduction to Anatomy -3. Joints & Describing Movement. THE ARTICULAR SYSTEM. An articulation is also known as a joint There are 3 types of joints Fibrous – also known as “immovable” , examples: cranium, pelvis
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Introduction to Anatomy -3 Joints & Describing Movement
THE ARTICULAR SYSTEM • An articulation is also known as a joint • There are 3 types of joints • Fibrous – also known as “immovable”, examples: cranium, pelvis • Cartilaginous - also known as “slightly movable”, example: symphisus pubis • Synovial - also known as “freely movable”, example: elbow, knee
JOINT CLASSIFICATION In PE, we mainly talk about Synovial Joints. Synovialjoints are classified into different categories according to their shape or degree of movement:
JOINT CLASSIFICATION • Hinge • Hinge joints allow movement in one plane only. • Examples: elbows, knees, and fingers.
Ball and Socket • Ball-and-socket joints allow free movement in all directions. • Examples: hip and shoulder
Movement at Joints Movement is described by looking at the way joints are positioned when a movement occurs. The main joints involved are: Upper Body Shoulder Elbow Wrist Lower Body Hip Knee Ankle When the muscles pull the bones that surround these joints, movement occurs. Movement around a joint can be separated into the following catergories:
Flexion Decreasing the angle between two bones across a joint. Shoulder Flexion
Flexion Decreasing the angle between two bones across a joint. Elbow Flexion
Flexion Decreasing the angle between two bones across a joint. Wrist Flexion
Flexion Decreasing the angle between two bones across a joint. Trunk Flexion
Flexion Decreasing the angle between two bones across a joint. Hip Flexion
Flexion Decreasing the angle between two bones across a joint. Knee Flexion
Flexion Decreasing the angle between two bones across a joint. Dorsiflexion
Extension Increasing the angle between two bones across a joint Shoulder Extension
Extension Increasing the angle between two bones across a joint Elbow Extension
Extension Increasing the angle between two bones across a joint Wrist Extension
Extension Increasing the angle between two bones across a joint Trunk Extension
Extension Increasing the angle between two bones across a joint Hip Extension
Extension Increasing the angle between two bones across a joint Knee Extension
Extension Increasing the angle between two bones across a joint Plantarflexion
Rotation Movement of the bone around a central axis
Abduction Moving a limb away from the midline of the body
Adduction Moving a limb towards the midline of the body
Circumduction A combination of movements so that a limb completes a circular movement. The limb creates a ‘cone’ shape.Occurs at hip and shoulder.
Extension Task Now that you have learned the movement classifications, you need to identify where each of them could occur within a sporting context. For example, knee extension would be used in kicking a ball. Complete this for all 18 types.