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Immune Response to HIV Infection

Immune Response to HIV Infection. June 28, 2001 Ms. Jane Coyle-Morris Wyeth-Ayerst Research. Immune Response to HIV Infection. Immunology HIV Biology Immune Response to HIV Infection. Role of Antibodies. Antibody interaction with Complement Proteins. Cytotoxic T-Cells.

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Immune Response to HIV Infection

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  1. Immune Response to HIV Infection June 28, 2001 Ms. Jane Coyle-Morris Wyeth-Ayerst Research

  2. Immune Response to HIV Infection • Immunology • HIV Biology • Immune Response to HIV Infection

  3. Role of Antibodies

  4. Antibody interaction with Complement Proteins

  5. Cytotoxic T-Cells

  6. Central Role of Helper T-Cells

  7. Macrophage Large, irregularly-shaped phagocytic cells that act as the body’s scavengers. Macrophages engulf and consume foreign material such as bacteria and viruses.

  8. T Cells Arise from stem cells in the bone marrow then migrate to the thymus gland where they develop the ability to recognize foreign antigens in a specific manner.

  9. Helper T Cells (TH) Detect infection and initiate both humoral and cell-mediated responses (CD4 cells)

  10. Cytotoxic T Cells (TC) Recruited by TH to lyse infected body cells (CD8 cells)

  11. Cell Marker Proteins • CD4: cell marker found on the surface of TH and macrophages; acts as a receptor for HIV • CD8: cell marker found on the surface of TC

  12. B Cells and Plasma Cells • B Cells: precursors of plasma cells, specialized to recognize particular foreign antigens • Plasma Cells: derived from B cells, they produce antibodies to specific antigens marking them for destruction

  13. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) • Proteins markers found on the surface of the body’s cells to signal “self” from “non-self”. MHC-I can be found on every cell in the body while MHC-II is found only on B cells, T cells and macrophages.

  14. Cytokines • Soluble proteins secreted by the cells of the immune system to signal activation and proliferation of the appropriate components of the immune response. IL-1 is released from macrophages and signals activation of T cells. Activated T cells produce IL-2 which signals proliferation of T cell clones and also helps B cells to start secreting antibodies.

  15. Cytokines

  16. The Immune Response

  17. Central Role of CD4 T Cell

  18. HIV Biology

  19. HIV in Action

  20. Natural Course of HIV Infection

  21. Overview

  22. Immune Response to HIV Infection • Immunology: humoral vs. cell-mediated • HIV biology: complex series of events leading to viral entry and course of infection; evasion of immune system • Immune response to HIV: weak humoral response, strong cell-mediated response diminished over time by depletion of helper T-cells

  23. AIDS/HIV Internet Sites • Www.ama-assn.org/special/hiv/hivhome.htm • www.planetq.com/aidsvl/index.html • www.thebody.com/cgi-bin/body.cgi • www.cdc.gov/ • www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/aids/ • www.roche-hiv.com/default.htm

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