Goal 3 Terms

1. Goal 3 Terms

2. : founder of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints; killed; believed in polygamy • Joseph Smith • : led Mormons to Utah after Smith’s death • Brigham Young • : Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints • Mormons • : 160 acres of land in Great Plains; very cheap; had to improve it and live on it to get land • Homestead Act • : held lower paying jobs; lesser rights; no voting • Roles of women • : many helped build transcontinental RR • Roles of Chinese • : many were slaves • Roles of African Americans • : many were laborers in factories; some worked on transcontinental RR • Roles of Irish

3. : silver and gold deposits; • Comstock Lode • : set up land grant colleges; • Morrill Land Grant Act 1862 • : housed on Great Plains; made of sod; leaked; cold; few windows; built because of lack of wood • Sod houses • : Oklahoma land opened up for white settlement in 1889. • Oklahoma Land Rush • : abolitionists • Anti-slavery movement • : listed things slaves could not do; • Slave codes • : safe houses (stations) and conductors who helped slaves escape the South • Underground Railroad • : conductor on Underground RR • Harriet Tubman

4. : started by Stephen Douglas; K and N will be territories and use popular sovereignty • Kansas-Nebraska Act • : violence that broke out btw pro and anti slavery supporters in Kansas • Bleeding Kansas • : made up of Free Soilers, Whigs, and Know Nothings; Fremont in 1856; Lincoln in 1860 • Republican Party • : people of a territory should be allowed to decide whether or not to have slavery; vote • Popular Sovereignty • : Preston Brooks beat Sumner with a cane almost killing him in Congress; • Summer-Brooks Incident • : by Stephen Douglas; was trying to find middle ground btw popular sovereignty and Dred Scott decision; said that slavery could be stopped in territories if people didn’t support it; made southern Democrats mad • Freeport Doctrine

5. : famous debates during Senate campaign in 1856; was when Douglas came up with Freeport Doctrine • Lincoln-Douglas Debates • : Free Labor; Free Men; Free Speech; party in 1840-1856 • Free Soil Party • : Henry Clay; No slave trade in DC; Cal free state; new Fugitive slave law; Tex gets $ in order to give up land to N Mex; • Compromise of 1850 • : Slavery is constitutional because slaves are property; 5th Amendment • Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857 • : attempt to start a slave rebellion ended with Brown being hanged as a martyr • John Brown and Harper’s Ferry • ; turned many against slavery; • Fugitive Slave Act • : covered earlier; no slavery in terr N of 36 30; Mo slave state and Maine free state • Missouri Compromise • : abolitionist who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Harriet Beecher Stowe

6. : followed slaves being sold apart from family; showed slaves as human; turned many toward abolitionist side • Uncle Tom’s Cabin • : helped lead to UTC; also turned many people against slavery • Fugitive Slave Law • : Lincoln dftd Breckenridge S Dem; Douglas N Dem; and Bell Const Union • Election of 1860 • : 7 deep south states left US after election of Lincoln • Secession • .: CSA attacked after Lincoln sent troops to resupply the fort; in Charleston • Fort Sumter, S.C • : pres of US during Civil War • Abraham Lincoln • : Pres of Confederacy; had been US Senator from Miss. • Jefferson Davis

7. : type of govt where each state is sovereign; CSA • Confederation • : won by CSA; Stonewall Jackson; showed North war would be long; • First Battle of Bull Run/ Manassas • : assassinated Lincoln • John Wilkes Booth • : turning pt of war; Lincoln gets win and issues Emancipation Proclamation • Antietam • : CSA loses control of Miss River • Vicksburg • : Pickett’s charge; Lee’s army loses; never the same again • Gettysburg • : speech given by Lincoln after the battle • Gettysburg Address • : suspended by Lincoln to keep Maryland from seceding; • Writ of Habeas Corpus

8. : Lincoln dftd McClellan; Atlanta fell to help Lincoln; Union Party VP Johnson • Election of 1864 • : destroyed Conf. heartland; total war • William Sherman’s March • : Win Scott; blockade S. ports; take control of Miss. River; take Richmond and tear up land • Anaconda Plan • : nickname of Peace Democrats; were against Civil War; led by Clement Vallandigham who was arrested and held without trial after saying Pres Lincoln should be arrested. • Copperheads • : freed slaves in states still in rebellion; keep Europe out of the war • Emancipation Proclamation • : 54th Massachusetts most famous regiment; over 100,000 served in US Army • African-American participation • : Lee surrendered to Grant • Appomattox Court House

9. : major commander of CSA • Robert E. Lee • : wins in west; takes Vicksburg; became Comm in Chief and won the war • Ulysses S. Grant • : Little Napoleon; too cautious; Peninsula; Antietam; ran against Lincoln in 1864 election • George McClellan • : Lee’s right hand man; killed at Chancellorsville • Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson • : set up to take care of freedmen with help with education and work agreements; • Freedman’s Bureau • : wanted to punish the South and have total reconstruction of South; led by Stevens and Sumner • Radical Republicans

10. : Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan; Wade-Davis Bill; Military Reconstruction • Reconstruction plans • : one of leaders of the Radical Republicans • Thaddeus Stevens • : became President after Lincoln was assassinated; was actually a Democrat • Andrew Johnson • : worked out deal to get Demos to accept Hayes as President; ended Reconstruction by pulling troops out of South; Southerner was named postmaster • Compromise of 1877 • : passed to set up Johnson for impeachment; said Pres could not fire anyone without Congressional approval if it was needed for their appointment; • Tenure of Office Act • : was impeached but not convicted • Johnson’s impeachment

11. : nickname for southerners who supported Reconstruction and Republicans • Scalawags • : nickname for northerners who moved South during Reconstruction • Carpetbaggers • : similar to Slave codes; set up a number of things African Americans could not do during Reconstruction; • Black Codes • : secret society set up to intimidate African Americans, Jews, immigrants, Catholics, etc • Ku Klux Klan • : farm other people’s land in exchange for a share of the crop; many African Americans stuck here. • Sharecroppers • : farm other people’s land in exchange for rent paid • Tenant farmers • : nickname for segregation laws set up in South after Reconstruction; • Jim Crow laws • : distillers who did not pay their full taxes; stole millions of dollars • The Whiskey Ring

12. : term for the dominance of Democratic party in the South • Solid South • : set up military districts with military governors and martial law on states until they rejoined the Union; set up by Radical Republicans; • Military reconstruction • : ended slavery • 13th amendment • : citizenship for all persons born or naturalized in US; equal protection under the law; • 14th amendment • : voting rights for all African American adult males • 15th amendment

13. : passed by Congress over Johnson’s veto; gave rights to African Americans; was done to offset the Black Codes; • Civil Rights Act of 1866 • : very close election between Hayes and Tilden; were irregularities in several states; Commission was set up to determine the winner; gave all votes to Hayes and he won by 1 electoral vote • Election of 1876 • Compromise of 1877: answered earlier