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Map Link: Europe and the Byzantine Empire about 1000 :

Map Link: Europe and the Byzantine Empire about 1000 : < http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd_1911/ shepherd-c-058-059.jpg > Map Link: The Byzantine Empire in 867 : < http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/ ByzantineEmpire867AD4lightpurple.PNG >.

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Map Link: Europe and the Byzantine Empire about 1000 :

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  1. Map Link: Europe and the Byzantine Empire about 1000: <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd_1911/ shepherd-c-058-059.jpg> Map Link: The Byzantine Empire in 867: <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/ ByzantineEmpire867AD4lightpurple.PNG>

  2. 860 Byzantines defeat Viking attack 867-86 Reign of Basil I 894-927 Byzantines repeatedly defeat attacks by Bulgars 907 Byzantines defeat prince of Kiev

  3. 966 Byzantines under John Tzmiskes (r. 969-76) wage campaign against Bulgars 976-1025 Reign of Basil II Bulgaroctonus (the Bulgar-slayer), who completes subdual of Bulgars Between 930 and 970 Byzantines take most of Syria and Palestine from Muslims 961 Byzantines take Crete from Muslims

  4. Byzantine Renaissance Plato Aristotle Neoplatonism Symeon (the New Theologian, c. 949-1022) 1055-56 Reign of Empress Theodora. After death of Theodora, Byzantine Empire descends into civil war, while various E. European states shake off Byzantine control Saljuqs/Seljüks

  5. Map Link: Byzantine Empire under Basil II: <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/ a/a7/Map_Byzantine_Empire_1025-en.svg/ 1280px-Map_Byzantine_Empire_1025-en.svg.png> Map Link: Spain, 910-1492: <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd_1911 /shepherd-c-082-083.jpg>

  6. 1031 Collapse of the Umayyad caliphate of Cordoba Late 11th c. Unification of most of Christian Spain into kingdoms of Leon-Castile and Aragon-Navarre 1085 Troops from Leon-Castile take Toledo 1086 Berber Almoravids invade Spain, defeat Christians 1139 Creation of Kingdom of Portugal

  7. Compostela James the Elder (Santiago) Gregory VII (p. 1073-85) Alfonso VI of Leon-Castile (r. 1065-1109) Council of Burgos, 1080

  8. Tribal/Stem Dukes of Saxony, Franconia, Lorraine, Swabia and Bavaria Map Link: Empire of Otto the Great: <http://www.thenagain.info/webchron/westeurope/ OttonianEmpire.png>

  9. 911-18 Reign of Conrad of Franconia 919-36 Reign of Henry the Fowler of Saxony 936-73 Reign of Otto I (the Great), who soon brings Franconia under his control 937 Otto seizes Burgundy 951 Otto conquers Lombardy 962 Otto crowned as emperor

  10. 973-83 Reign of Otto II Holy Roman Empire 983-1002 Reign of Otto III Theophano Gerbert of Aurillac/Sylvester II (p. 999-1003) 1002-24 Reign of Henry II 1024-39 Reign of Conrad II of Franconia (Salian Dynasty) ministeriales 1039-56 Reign of Henry III

  11. 986-87 Reign of Louis V 987-96 Reign of Hugh Capet (Capetians) Ile de France Map Link: France about 1035: <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/ shepherd_1911/shepherd-c-061.jpg>

  12. 996-1031 Reign of Robert II the Pious 1031-60 Reign of Henry I 1060-1108 Reign of Philip I

  13. Russian Primary Chronicle Tale of Bygone Years/Laurentian Chronicle Ascribed to Nestor, but probably composite work Covers 852-1120, compiled in c. 1113 and the years following

  14. Song of Roland Chanson de geste (Old French Epic Poem) Earliest version from c. 1100, in 12th c. manuscript

  15. Song of Roland Basque attack on rearguard of Charlemagne’s army in Pyrenees in 778 Saracens (Muslims) Roland Oliver Ganelon

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