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The Age of Enlightenment Part 3 (Mid 1700s)

Explore the Enlightenment era, where reformers used methods of modern science to study human behavior and solve societal problems using reason. Discover how enlightened thinkers, known as "philosophes," influenced the creation of democratic governments and individual rights. This era encouraged revolutionary leaders worldwide while fostering a world of new ideas in philosophy, art, music, and architecture.

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The Age of Enlightenment Part 3 (Mid 1700s)

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  1. The Age of Enlightenment Part 3 (Mid 1700s)

  2. What was the Enlightenment? • Using methods of modern science, reformers set out to study human behavior and solve the political, social and economic problems of society using reason • Enlightened thinkers, called “philosophes”, were concerned with the relationship between government and the people, and their ideas were used by many modern nations in the creation of government • Resulted in the move away from absolutism and divine right (religion) and toward democracy and individual rights (secularism) • Encouraged revolutionary leaders throughout Europe and the Americas

  3. A World of New Ideas • The Paris Salons: Enlightenment philosophes consisting • of writers, artists, and scientists often gathered in Paris • “Salons” to discuss ideas and enjoy artistic • performances. • Diderot’s Encyclopedia: imagined a large set of books • to which all the leading scholars in Europe would • contribute. His idea eventually turned into the first set • of Encyclopedias! • Enlightenment ideas also circulated with letters between • philosophes, newspapers, magazines, and books.

  4. Classical Music in the Age of Reason • Classical Music: Composers such as Mozart, Beethoven, and Hayden create • beautiful symphonies that are still heard • today during this time period.

  5. Architecture in the Age of Reason • Baroque: type of grand and ornate artwork (architecture) found in places such as the Palace of Versailles • Neoclassical: style that replaces baroque during the Age of Enlightenment. Neoclassical is a style that is simple and elegant. It borrows ideas from Ancient Greek and Roman architecture.

  6. Enlightened Despots • Enlightened Despots: Absolute rulers who embraced Enlightenment ideas • . Catherine the Great: Ruled and expanded Russia. Made reforms on religious toleration, torture, and capital punishment. Used to exchange letters with Voltaire Joseph II: Ruled Austria introduced legal reforms and freedom of the press and some religion. Also mandated people be paid in cash and ended serfdom. Fredrick the Great: Ruled Prussia but granted less censorship, more education, and religious freedoms. He also ended torture

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