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THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION & ENLIGHTENMENT 1540-1789

THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION & ENLIGHTENMENT 1540-1789. PTOLEMAIC SYSTEM  ARISTOTELIAN PHYSICS BASICALLY A BRANCH OF THEOLOGY – MOTIONLESS EARTH AT CENTER COPERNICAN UNIVERSE HELIOCENTRIC , ENORMOUS & POSSIBLY INFINITE UNIVERSE. TOWARD A NEW WORLD VIEW.

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THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION & ENLIGHTENMENT 1540-1789

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  1. THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION & ENLIGHTENMENT1540-1789 • PTOLEMAIC SYSTEM  • ARISTOTELIAN PHYSICS BASICALLY A BRANCH OF THEOLOGY – MOTIONLESS EARTH AT CENTER • COPERNICAN UNIVERSE HELIOCENTRIC , ENORMOUS & POSSIBLY INFINITE UNIVERSE

  2. TOWARD A NEW WORLD VIEW • NEW SCIENCE OF 17TH C. SEARCH FOR EXACT UNDERSTAND-ING OF THE PHYSICAL WORLD USING OBSERVATION & MATH • EXPERIMENTS & MATHE-MATICAL CALCULATIONS • PROOF NOT JUST FAITH • BUT MASTERY OVER NATURE THREATENS EARTH’S FRAGILE EQUIL-IBRIUM (modern critics of SR)

  3. FROM BRAHE (1546-1601) TO GALILEO (1564-1642) • Brahe contributed great mass of data • Detailed observations of new star 1572 • Kepler, Brahe’s assistant makes sense of all his data • Kepler’s 3 Laws of Planetary Motion – mathematical proof • Galileo’s experimental method, law of inertia, identified Jupiter’s moons with his own telescope

  4. SYNTHESIS OF MOTION BOTH ON EARTH AND IN THE SKY – ISSAC NEWTON (1642-1727) • LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION EXPLAINS HIS ACCOMPLISHMENT OF INTEGRATING THE ASTRON-OMY OF COPERNICUS, CORRECTED BY KEPLER, WITH THE PHISICS OF GALILEO. • SET OF MATHEMATICAL LAWS THAT EXPLAIN MOTION & MECHANICS

  5. CAUSES OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION • LATE MEDIEVAL RECOVERY OF ANCIENT TEXTS • DEVELOPMENT OF PAINT, CULTURE, READING • TURMOIL WITHIN CHRISTIANITY – REFORM • AGE OF EXPLORATION & DISCOVERY • ALL ERAS & ADVANCES SHOOK AUTHORITY OF OLDER WAYS OF THINKING.

  6. FRANCIS BACON & RENE DESCARTES –IMPROVEMENTS IN SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY • BACON-PURSUE KNOWLEDGE • INDUCTIVE REASONING (EMPIRICISM) • DESCARTES-GEOMETRICAL FIGURES CAN BE EXPRESSED ALGE-BRAICALLY AND VICE VERSA • USE DEDUCTIVE REASONING TO ASCERTAIN SCIENTIFIC LAWS • MATTER (PHYSICAL) & MIND (SPIRITUAL) • TOGETHER WE GET MODERN SCIENTIFIC METHOD

  7. THE ENLIGHTENMENT • USE OF REASON • BIRTH OF SOCIAL SCIENCE • PROGRESS • 3 CENTRAL CONCEPTS AT CORE OF ENLIGHTENMENT THINKING

  8. THE PHILOSOPHES • ENLIGHTENMENT REACHED IT’S HEIGHT IN FRANCE • FRENCH WAS INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE OF THE EDUCATED CLASS, WEALTHIEST & MOST POPULOUS TOO • ABSOLUTISM SURVIVES LOUIE XIV BUT IT’S NOT AS OPPRESSIVE AS ELSEWHERE • FRENCH NOT SATISFIED JUST WITH QUESTIONS BUT INFLUENCING ALL OF EUROPE • BARON DE MONTESQUIEU • VOLTAIRE • MADAME DU CHATELET • DIDEROT • MADAME GEOFFRIN • JOHN LOCKE • JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU • HOBBES • WOLLSTONECRAFT

  9. SPEECHES • PERIOD 2 – 8 GROUPS OF 4 & 1 GROUP OF 3 • PERIOD 3 – 8 GROUPS OF 4 & 2 GROUPS OF 5 • REPORT TO LIBRARY FEBRUARY 17,18,21,&22 • SPEECHES 2/23, 28 & 3/1 • INDIVIDUAL & GROUP GRADE – PEER EVALUATIONS PART OF GROUP GRADE • SELF EVALUATIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL GRADE

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