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Revolution and Enlightenment

Revolution and Enlightenment. The Scientific Revolution Chapter 17 Section 1. Scientific Breakthroughs. The Ptolemaic System Ptolemy - great astronomer who developed the Ptolemaic System The Earth was the center of the universe and it is a fixed sphere

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Revolution and Enlightenment

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  1. Revolution and Enlightenment The Scientific Revolution Chapter 17 Section 1

  2. Scientific Breakthroughs • The Ptolemaic System • Ptolemy - great astronomer who developed the Ptolemaic System • The Earth was the center of the universe and it is a fixed sphere • The Universe is seen as a series of spheres that all rotate around the Earth • 1st Sphere – Moon • 2nd Sphere – Mercury • 3rd Sphere – Venus • 4th Sphere – Sun • 10th Sphere – Prime Mover • Beyond the 10th Sphere is Heaven where God Lives

  3. Scientific Breakthroughs • Copernicus and Kepler • Copernicus • Mathematician that believed the sun was the center of the universe • Kepler • Mathematician that confirmed the sun was at the center of the universe • Planets revolved around the sun in an elliptical path

  4. Scientific Breakthroughs • Galileo’s Discoveries • Mathematician that invented the telescope • Destroyed Ptolemaic ideas because he discovered mountains on Earth’s moon, Moons revolving around Jupiter and Sunspots • Catholic Church does not like Galileo’s theories and ideas • Ordered to drop the idea that humans were not the center of the universe

  5. Scientific Breakthroughs • Newton’s View of the Universe • Isaac Newton • Said three laws of motion govern the planetary bodies • Every object in the universe is attracted to every other object by a force called gravity

  6. Women’s Contributions • Maria Winkelmann • Married an astronomer and began practicing astronomy • She discovered a comet one night • Applied for a position as assistant astronomer at the Berlin Academy but was denied

  7. Philosophy and Reason • Descartes and Rationalism • Rene Descartes (French philosopher) believed that he should only accept those things that his reason said were true • Reason is the chief source of knowledge

  8. Philosophy and Reason • Bacon and the Scientific Method • Francis Bacon was an English Philosopher who believed one should learn about nature using inductive reasoning • By doing this scientists should free their minds of opinions that might distort the truth

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