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The Skeletal System 1

The Skeletal System 1. Parts of the skeletal system Divided into two divisions Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton. The Skeletal System. Functions of Bones. Movement due to attached skeletal muscles Storage of minerals and fats Blood cell formation. Bones of the Human Body.

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The Skeletal System 1

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  1. The Skeletal System 1

  2. Parts of the skeletal system Divided into two divisions • Axial skeleton • Appendicular skeleton The Skeletal System

  3. Functions of Bones • Movement due to attached skeletal muscles • Storage of minerals and fats • Blood cell formation

  4. Bones of the Human Body • The skeleton has 206 bones • Two basic types of bone tissue Figure 5.2b

  5. Classification of Bones on the Basis of Shape Figure 5.1

  6. Classification of Bones Long bones • Contain mostly compact bone • Examples: Femur, humerus Short bones • Contain mostly spongy bone • Examples: Carpals, tarsals

  7. Classification of Bones Flat bones • Usually curved • Examples: Skull, ribs, sternum Irregular bones • Do not fit into other bone classification categories • Example: Vertebrae and hip

  8. Diaphysis • Epiphysis Gross Anatomy of a Long Bone

  9. Slide 5.7 • Periosteum • Fibrous connective tissue membrane • Sharpey’s fibers • Secure periosteum to underlying bone • Arteries • Supply bone cells with nutrients Structures of a Long Bone

  10. Articular cartilage • Covers the external surface of the epiphyses • Made of hyaline cartilage Structures of a Long Bone Figure 5.2a

  11. Medullary cavity • Contains yellow marrow (mostly fat) in adults • Contains red marrow (for blood cell formation) in infants Structures of a Long Bone Figure 5.2a

  12. During development, much of this cartilage is replaced by bone • Cartilage remains in isolated areas • Bridge of the nose • Parts of ribs • Joints Changes in the Human Skeleton

  13. Epiphyseal plates allow for growth of long bone during childhood • New cartilage is continuously formed • Older cartilage becomes ossified • Cartilage is broken down • Bone replaces cartilage Bone Growth

  14. Long Bone Formation and Growth

  15. Long Bone Formation and Growth

  16. A break in a bone • Types of bone fractures • Bone fractures are treated by reduction and immobilization • Realignment of the bone Bone Fractures

  17. Common Types of Fractures

  18. Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Figure 5.5

  19. The Axial Skeleton • Divided into three parts • Skull • Vertebral column • Bony thorax

  20. The Axial Skeleton

  21. The Skull • Two sets of bones • Bones are joined by sutures • Only the mandible is attached by a freely movable joint

  22. The Skull

  23. Paranasal Sinuses • Hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity • Functions of paranasal sinuses

  24. The Hyoid Bone • Serves as a moveable base for the tongue

  25. Vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs • Each vertebrae is given a name according to its location The Vertebral Column

  26. Structure of a Typical Vertebrae

  27. Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae

  28. The Bony Thorax • Made-up of three parts • Sternum • Ribs • Thoracic vertebrae

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