Essential Knot Tying Guide for Fieldwork in Indonesia

1. Tujuh Bukit Project Indonesia Field Response Team Knots

2. DESIRABLE KNOT ELEMENTS • Easy to tie • Easy to identify • Easy to untie • Secure under load (not subject to slippage) • Tied with few abrupt bends • Strong enough for required job

3. ELEMENTS OF A KNOT I Underhand Loop Bight Loop Round Turn Overhand Loop

4. ELEMENTS OF A KNOT II Working End Standing Part Running End

5. KNOT TERMS • Working end — Used for forming knot • Standing part — Between working and running ends • Running end — Used to hoist, pull, belay, etc. • Bight — Loop that does not cross over itself • Loop — Side of bight crossed over or under standing part • Round turn — End of rope continued around top of loop until standing lengths are parallel

6. PRIMARY KNOT APPLICATIONS • Overhand knot • A foundation knot for beginning other knots • A safety knot or backup to secure other knots (particularly those of synthetic rope) to prevent the working end from slipping back through the knot and causing it to fail • Half hitch • Hoisting tools • Stabilizing tall objects

7. PRIMARY KNOT APPLICATIONS (cont.) • Bowline — Various utility and life safety (rope rescue harness) applications • Clove hitch • Attaching ropes to objects • Hoisting (with overhand knot) • Figure-eight — Foundation knot for other knots in family • Figure-eight follow through — Joining ropes of equal diameters

8. PRIMARY KNOT APPLICATIONS (cont.) • Figure-eight on a bight — Securing a loop in middle or end of a rope for a safety line, safety harness, litter and rescue equipment, anchor lines • Double-loop figure-eight — Constructing a rope rescue harness • Becket bend (sheet bend) • Joining ropes of unequal diameter • Joining rope to chain

9. 1 HALF HITCH & OVERHAND SAFETY KNOT 1 2 3 Two Half Hitches Overhand Safety Knot

10. 2 BOWLINE 1 2 3 4

11. BOWLINE KNOT • Is used to form a loop that will not constrict the object it is placed around • Is untied easily • Shares degree of acceptability in both life safety and utility applications

12. 3 CLOVE HITCH OPEN 1 2 3 4

13. 4 CLOVE HITCH AROUND OBJECT 1 2 3

14. CLOVE HITCH • Is easily formed of two half hitches • May be used with overhand safety knot for hoisting tools and equipment • May be formed anywhere on the rope • Withstands pull in either direction without slipping, when properly tied

15. 5 BECKET BEND 1 2 3

16. BECKET BEND • Is not likely to slip when the rope is wet • Is dependable and useful for fire service utility applications

17. 6 FIGURE EIGHT 1 2 3 4

18. 7 FIGURE EIGHT FOLLOW THROUGH 3 1 2

19. 8 FIGURE EIGHT FOLLOW THROUGH AROUND OBJECT 1 2 3 4

20. 9 FIRGURE EIGHT ON A BIGHT 1 2

21. 10 DOUBLE LOOP FIGURE EIGHT 1 2 3 4

22. FIGURE EIGHT KNOT • Has replaced the bowline since the introduction of synthetic rope • Is not as likely as the bowline to damage the rope • Is stronger than the bowline • Is an easy knot to tie, untie, inspect, and keep neat

23. HOISTING A LADDER 1 3 2

24. HOISTING A LADDER • Use bowline or figure eight on a bight. • Place knot through two rungs of ladder about one-third down from top. • Place loop over top of ladder.

25. HOISTING HOSELINES Dry Line Charged Line

26. HOISTING TOOLS & EQUIPMENT Pike Pole Portable Fan Axe Bowline Half Hitch Half Hitch Half Hitch Working End Tag Line Clove Hitch Clove Hitch Tag Line

27. Practical Knot Assessment • Overhand Safety Knot • Bowline • Clove Hitch Open • Clove Hitch Around an Object • Becket Bend • Figure Eight • Figure Eight Follow Through • Figure Eight Follow Through around an Object • Figure Eight on the Bight • Double Loop Figure Eight