1 / 46

AFRICA

AFRICA. 163.43. Clock Buddy #1. What do you already know about Africa? What do you want to learn about Africa?. Did You Know?. 2 nd largest continent in the world One-fifth of Earth’s land surface

lida
Download Presentation

AFRICA

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. AFRICA 163.43

  2. Clock Buddy #1 • What do you already know about Africa? • What do you want to learn about Africa?

  3. Did You Know? • 2nd largest continent in the world • One-fifth of Earth’s land surface • Earliest evidence of human beings

  4. Africa’s Geography

  5. Clock Buddy #2 • Based on the geography of Africa, predict how this may have affected the development of early African societies.

  6. The Geography of Africa • Environmental Challenge #1: • DESERTS: • Sahara (North Africa) • Kalahari (South Africa)

  7. The Geography of Africa • Environmental Challenge #2: • RAIN FOREST: • Uninhabitable • Breeding ground for insects and disease

  8. The Geography of Africa • Positive Environmental Factor: • SAVANNA: • Grassy plains; 2 dry seasons & 2 rainy seasons per year • Support abundant agricultural production

  9. Clock Buddy #3 • Have you ever had to move or did someone close to you move? Why did you/they move? • Analyze the factors (push/pull)that cause people to move and what determines the new location to which they move.

  10. People on the Move • Bantu-speaking Africans in early Nigeria started migrating around 500BC • Moved south and east • Spread their language and culture

  11. People on the Move • Reasons for migration: • Slash and Burn Farming • Overpopulation and search for more land

  12. Africa: The Influence of Trade

  13. Clock Buddy #4 • Do you have a good friend? Why are you friends? • What tends to happen when you start hanging around the same person for a long time?

  14. East Africa: Early Kingdom of Aksum • Located on Red Sea in present day Ethiopia • Through trade (ivory!) Aksum (350AD) absorbed many elements of Roman culture,including Christianity

  15. East Africa: Coastal Trade Cities • Bantu-speaking people established coastal villages • Muslim and Persian traders settled in port cities around 639AD • Swahili was formed: blended language of Bantu and Arabic • Blending of religions of Christianity, Islam and traditional beliefs

  16. Clock Buddy #5 • Have you ever traded with someone for something? What factors are necessary for a mutually successful trade? • How do scarcity and abundance affect trade?

  17. West Africa:The Gold-Salt Kingdoms Ghana Mali Songhai

  18. The Gold-Salt Trade • All 3 kingdoms controlled the GOLD-SALT trade at some point in time • Occurred in west Africa near the northern part of the Niger River

  19. The Gold-Salt Trade • Although rich in gold, West Africa’s savanna & rain forests LACKED salt • Fortunately, the Sahara Desert contained large deposits of salt

  20. The Gold-Salt Trade • Arab traders crossed the Sahara with SALT, cloth & manufactured goods • West African traders collected gold from the forested regions

  21. The Gold-Salt Trade • Met in trading cities where they would exchange goods

  22. Ghana: The Trading Kingdom (AD 500 to 1200)

  23. Ghana: The Trading Kingdom • Ghana had many resources, but its location delayed its development as a trading empire • Problems: • No sea access • Blocked by the Sahara

  24. Ghana: The Trading Kingdom • Eventually Arab traders from North Africa learned how to cross the Sahara Desert • Allowed Ghana to participate in the Gold-Salt Trade

  25. Ghana: The Trading Kingdom • Impact of Gold-Salt Trade: • Introduction of Islam (though it was never fully adopted) • Increase in wealth due to TAXES on trade

  26. Ghana: The Trading Kingdom • Ghana’s wealth enabled the kingdom to build a large army • Used to: • Conquer neighboring regions • Capture people to sell as slaves to Muslim traders

  27. Ghana: The Trading Kingdom • Ghana’s Decline: • War with a nearby kingdom weakened Ghana’s empire • Led to internal division & eventual decline…

  28. The Kingdom of Mali (AD 1235 to 1400)

  29. The Kingdom of Mali • After Ghana’s decline, no one kingdom controlled the Gold-Salt Trade • Consequently the Gold-Salt Trade experienced a decline

  30. The Kingdom of Mali • In 1230 Mali rose to power on the same territory • Quickly expanded to the Atlantic Ocean under the rule of Sundiata • Gained control of the Gold-Salt Trade

  31. Clock Buddy #6 • What can you infer about Mansa Musa in this picture?

  32. The Kingdom of Mali • Mansa Musa is often considered the greatest ruler of Mali • Under Mansa Musa’s Reign: • Mali, like Ghana, became very wealthy due to its control of the Gold-Salt Trade

  33. The Kingdom of Mali • Mansa Musa & Religion: • Was a devout Muslim • In 1324 made a pilgrimage to Mecca • Led to MANY changes in Mali

  34. The Kingdom of Mali • Mansa Musa built mosques, schools & libraries where people could study Islam • As a result Timbuktu, the capital city, became a cultural center for Islam

  35. The Kingdom of Mali • Mali’s Decline: • Weak rulers after Mansa Musa • Internal & external problems • In 1433 Timbuktu was captured • DECLINE!

  36. The Kingdom of Songhai (1450 to 1600)

  37. The Kingdom of Songhai • Sunni Ali: • Conquered the cities of Mali, including Timbuktu • Expanded the empire to include most of the West African savanna

  38. The Kingdom of Songhai • Songhai entered a Golden Age under Askia Muhammad • Askia Muhammad & Religion: • Songhai’s first Muslim leader

  39. The Kingdom of Songhai • In order to demonstrate his commitment to Islam Muhammad made a pilgrimage to Mecca

  40. The Kingdom of Songhai • During this time Muhammad made contact with North African traders & the Gold-Salt Trade was once again resumed with Songhai having complete control

  41. The Kingdom of Songhai • Askia Muhammad & Government: • Divided Songhai into 5 provinces, each with its own government, tax collector, court & trade inspector – VERY EFFICIENT! • Laws based on the Koran

  42. Clock Buddy #7 • Conclude: Describe 3 factors that influenced the development of early African societies

More Related