1 / 13

Nationalist Movements after WWI

Nationalist Movements after WWI. What led to the Nationalist Movements?. Most movements started before WWI; WWI gave them a needed push African and Asian soldiers fighting Europeans in Europe Colonies supplied troops and raw materials

liesel
Download Presentation

Nationalist Movements after WWI

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Nationalist Movements after WWI

  2. What led to the Nationalist Movements? • Most movements started before WWI; WWI gave them a needed push • African and Asian soldiers fighting Europeans in Europe • Colonies supplied troops and raw materials • Devastation of the war crushed the myth of the European being a superior being

  3. Key Ingredients of Nationalist Movements • Western-educated leaders • Charismatic leaders who could spread the ideas from the elite to the masses • Non-violent protest

  4. India • Indian National Congress party led Indians to independence and governed during the early decades of the postcolonial era • Leaders began stressing the gross inequality between the British and the Indians in India (economy devastated, land devastated, racism) • Difficulty over the role of religion in the movement and emergence of B.G Tilak (first leader who appealed to the masses and stressed that Indian nationalism should be based on Hinduism)

  5. India- Reforms • Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909- provided educated Indians opportunities to vote and serve on legislative councils • Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919- increased the powers of the Indian legislators and put provincial administration in their hands

  6. Mohandas Gandhi • Stress on non-violent protest- satyagraha- peaceful boycotts, strikes, non-cooperation • Western-educated with attributes of a Hindu guru, which gave him the mass peasant support the movement needed • 1920s-1930s mass protest surged

  7. Egypt • Quest for independence and nationalism early in Egypt and eventually led to the British occupation in 1882 • Lord Cromer dominated Egypt and the gap between rich and poor grew • Landlords allied themselves to British regime, so resistance left up to the middle class- sons of the effendi (professional class) • In India lawyers led the independence movements but in Egypt journalists did

  8. Egypt • A few movements emerged but were unable to unite the masses and British put down uprisings • Dinshawai incident –1906- where the British hung four villagers after a skirmish between the British and the villagers • This demonstrated the hostility of the masses and galvanized support for popular protest • 1913- British grant a constitution and representation in parliament

  9. Revolt in Egypt 1919 • Defense of Suez canal during the war drained resources from Egypt- increased unrest • Egypt denied participation at settlement at Versailles • Riots exploded everywhere (women, students, intellectuals) • Emergence of the Wafd party- focus for unified action • British withdrawal in stages beginning in 1922 • Military coup in 1952 by Gamal Abdul Nasser

  10. Middle East • Turks defeated in WWI and Ottoman Empire disappeared • 1923 Turkish Republic under Attaturk • Reform program modeled on the west • Arab nationalists turned to Britain and France who betrayed promises to preserve Arab independence and occupied land after the war

  11. Middle East (contd) • League of Nations mandate to promise Palestine to the Jews and Zionists angered Arabs (Balfour Declaration- British pledge in 1917 to support the creation of a Jewish state) • Dreyfus Affair in 1894 – Theodor Herzl (Austrian journalist) stunned at French mobs reacting to Alfred Dreyfus (French Jew accused of passing secrets to Germans)- led to the creation of the World Zionist Organization

  12. Africa • Most western-educated elites loyal to British and French in WWI • Africa provided manpower and materials • Local rebellions due to recruitment of Africans and economic shortages caused by war • Lost promises after WWI lead to an attempt to build pan-African movement • 1930s protest increased due to Great Depression

  13. Africa (contd) • 1920s and 1930s beginning of organization of protest- Marcus Garvey and W.E.B. DuBois – charismatic nationalist figures • Pan-African organizations- though largely failed did arouse anti-colonial sentiments • Negritude literary movement, led in part by the great Senagalese poet, Leopold Sedar Senghor combated the racial stereotyping of the Africans • British granted more freedom for political voice than the French • Movement gave way to independent colonies struggling themselves

More Related