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ENS103G British History and Culture: Foreign Policy

ENS103G British History and Culture: Foreign Policy. Gregory Phipps. Shaping Foreign Policy. Part I: The Historical Context: Imperialism, Nationalism, and War Part II: The Present Day: Defence, the Commonwealth, and the European Union.

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ENS103G British History and Culture: Foreign Policy

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  1. ENS103GBritish History and Culture:Foreign Policy Gregory Phipps

  2. Shaping Foreign Policy • Part I: The Historical Context: Imperialism, Nationalism, and War • Part II: The Present Day: Defence, the Commonwealth, and the European Union

  3. The Historical Context:Imperialism, Nationalism, and War • Iceland in the 1400s • India, 1750 to 1947 (The East India Company) • The Scramble for Africa • The Berlin Conference: 1884-1885

  4. The Rhodes Colossus, by Edward Linley Sambourne (1892)

  5. The Maxim gun The Dreadnought The Gatling gun

  6. World War I • The Triple Alliance (1882): Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy • The Triple Entente (1907): Britain, France, and Russia • June 28, 1914: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary begins the war • November 11, 1918: Armistice with Germany signed • October, 1917: The Russian Revolution

  7. It was like an enormous machine that had got hold of you. You’d no sense of acting of your own free will, and at the same time no notion of trying to resist. If people didn’t have some such feeling as that, no war could last three months. The armies would just pack up and go home. Why had I joined the Army? Or the million other idiots who joined up before conscription came in? Partly for a lark and partly because of England my England and Britons never never and all that stuff. But how long did that last? . . . The machine had got hold of you and it could do what it liked with you. It lifted you up and dumped you down among places and things you’d never dreamed of, and if it had dumped you down on the surface of the moon it wouldn’t have seemed particularly strange. The day I joined the Army the old life was finished. It would be an exaggeration to say that the war turned people into highbrows, but it did turn them into nihilists for the time being. People who in a normal way would have gone through life with about as much tendency to think for themselves as a suet pudding were turned into Bolshies just by the war. What should I be now if it hadn’t been for the war? I don’t know, but something different from what I am. If the war didn’t happen to kill you it was bound to start you thinking. After that unspeakable idiotic mess you couldn’t go on regarding society as something eternal and unquestionable, like a pyramid. You knew it was just a balls-up. George Orwell, Coming Up For Air (1939)

  8. World War II • June 28, 1919: Treaty of Versailles signed (war guilt clause) • 1933: Adolf Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany • September 1, 1939: Germany invades Poland • May 10, 1940—June 14, 1940: Battle of France • July 10, 1940—October 31, 1940: Battle of Britain (Operation Sea Lion) • September 7, 1940—Spring, 1941: The Blitz • June 22, 1941: Germany invades the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa)

  9. Neville Chamberlain, British Prime Minister (1937-1940) (Appeasement Policy)

  10. Winston Churchill, British Prime Minister (1940-1945; 1951-1955)

  11. Poster designed by David Low, 1940

  12. The Present Day

  13. Britain and the European Union • 1957: Formation of the European Economic Community • 1973: Britain joins the EEC • 1992: The Maastricht Treaty and the Creation of the European Union • 2002: Introduction of the Euro (a single currency for the EU) • 2016: Brexit vote

  14. William Hogarth The Gate of Calais (1748)

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