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Byzantines, Islam & Crusades

Byzantines Justinian ( 527-565) Islam Arab World Muhammad (570?-632) Religion of Islam Expansion Two Popes Crusades Why? What ?. Key Terms Code of Justinian Koran Five Pillars of Islam Jerusalem Pope Gregory VII Pope Urban II Indulgences. Byzantines, Islam & Crusades.

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Byzantines, Islam & Crusades

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  1. Byzantines Justinian (527-565) Islam Arab World Muhammad (570?-632) Religion of Islam Expansion Two Popes Crusades Why? What? Key Terms Code of Justinian Koran Five Pillars of Islam Jerusalem Pope Gregory VII Pope Urban II Indulgences Byzantines, Islam & Crusades

  2. Justinian • Established Code of Justinian • He reunified most of the old Roman empire • Christianity was the official religion; non-Christian worship was outlawed

  3. Code Of Justinian Justinian (r. 527-565) • Established a single code of laws for all • Its influence today: • Laws should be written • Punishments for a crime should be the same for all

  4. Byzantine Empire & Justinian

  5. Code Of Justinian Justinian (r. 527-565) • Established a single code of laws for all • Its influence today: • Laws should be written • Punishments for a crime should be the same for all JUSTICE Code of Justinian =

  6. US Supreme Court Building(Stone Sculpture of 18 “Lawgivers) Muhammad Justinian

  7. Arabian/Islamic Impact… • Irrigation - increased agricultural production • Mathematics: • Numbering System: Arabic Numerals replaced cumbersome Roman Numerals • “Algebra” comes from Arabic word “Al-jabar” included in a math book from 820 AD

  8. Arab World • Many were nomads & herded sheep and camels; other specialized in trade. • Outsiders tried to conquer Arabs, but were unable. • Mecca was an important city. • Arabs flourished in the desert.

  9. Muhammad(570?-632) • Born about 570 AD and grew up in Mecca. • After marriage, he became a social activist. • Received revelations from the angel Gabriel eventually included in the Koran. • In 622 he moved from Mecca to Medina and became VERY influential, spreading the word of Islam.

  10. Five Pillars Of Islam • Creed/Faith: The belief there is only one God (Allah); Muhammad is the prophet of Allah. • Prayer: Five times per day believers must wash and purify themselves, face Mecca, and pray. • Almsgiving: All should contribute money to the poor/needy. • Fast: between daylight until nightfall during the month of Ramadan. • Pilgrimage: to Mecca during one’s lifetime.

  11. Islam, Judaism, Christianity • All worship the same God (the God of Abraham) • Much of the Old Testament, including prophets Abraham & Moses, are accepted (Muslims & Jews don’t accept Jesus as the Savior) • The belief in charity to the poor/weak • Jerusalem is an important city: • Jews: land of Abraham; promised by God • Christians: land of Jesus’ ministry • Muslims: where Muhammad ascended to heaven

  12. Dome Of The Rock & Western Wall(Jerusalem)

  13. Solomon’s Temple, Jerusalem

  14. Following Muhammad’s Death • Islamic world grew and covered more territory than the old Roman Empire at its height.

  15. Muslim Conquest Up to 750

  16. Crusades • A series of wars fought between Christians and Muslims. • Access to and control of Jerusalem was one key cause.

  17. Two Popes • The Christian Church (Roman Catholic) became a powerful unifying institution by 800-900 AD • It was headed by the Pope • Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085): • What was Papal Primacy? • Pope Urban’s call (1095): • If they decide to fight, what will they receive?

  18. Crusades(1100-1200) • 1st Crusade: 1097-1099 • Christians regain control of Jerusalem. • 2nd Crusade: 1147-1149 • Muslims recapture Jerusalem. • 3rd Crusade: 1189-1192 • Draw: Muslims retain control of Jerusalem but allow access to the city.

  19. Indulgences • Money paid to the Church to help the war effort. • Why pay? • If a person gave the Church money, sins were forgiven and a place in heaven was secured.

  20. Byzantines Justinian (527-565) Islam Arab World Muhammad (570?-632) Religion of Islam Expansion Two Popes Crusades Why? What? Key Terms Code of Justinian Koran Five Pillars of Islam Jerusalem Pope Gregory VII Pope Urban II Indulgences Byzantines, Islam & Crusades

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