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20.4 – The Columbian Exchange

20.4 – The Columbian Exchange. Exchange. Global transfer of foods, plants , & animals Americas  Europe, Africa, & Asia Most Important: Corn & Potatoes Inexpensive, nutritious Help people live longer = population boost Diseases have greatest effect on American populations.

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20.4 – The Columbian Exchange

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  1. 20.4 – The Columbian Exchange

  2. Exchange • Global transfer of foods, plants, & animals • Americas  Europe, Africa, & Asia • Most Important: • Corn & Potatoes • Inexpensive, nutritious • Help people live longer = population boost • Diseases have greatest effect on American populations

  3. New to Old Crops Animals Turkey Llama Alpaca Diseases Syphilis Chagas’ Disease • Produce: Tomatoes, Squash, Corn, Potatoes, Pumpkin, Sweet Potatoes, Cassava, Peppers, Peanuts, Beans, Cacao, Vanilla, Paprika, Pecans, Sunflowers • Fruit: Pineapple • Tobacco • Quinine • Rubber

  4. Old to New Crops Animals Horses, Mules, Donkeys Cattle Sheep & Goats Pigs Dogs & Cats Chickens Diseases Smallpox, Influenza, Typhus, Measles, Malaria, Diphtheria, Whooping Cough, Yellow Fever • Fruits: Bananas, Citrus, Grapes, Peaches, Pears, Apples, Mangoes • Produce: Onions, Olives, Turnips, Yams, Black Eyed Peas • Grains: Wheat, Rice, Barley, Oats • Sugarcane, Honey, Coffee Beans

  5. Global Trade • Goods + Trade = Wealth • Roots of economic change in Europe • Capitalism – ownership & investment for profit • Governments no longer sole owners of wealth • Merchants gain huge sources of wealth & invest = growth of business • Economic activity = rise in $ supply = inflation

  6. Joint-Stock • Made up of a group of investors for a common purpose/venture • 1500-1600s: Goal was American colonization • Need for lots of money = high risk • Joint-Stocks allow investors to only incur minimal risk & huge rewards

  7. Mercantilism • Theory: Country’s power wealth • Wealth allows countries to build navies, armies, & buy goods • Goal: Get as much wealth as possible • Increase wealth in two ways: • 1) Gold & Silver • 2)Balance of Trade: Sell more than buy • Ultimate Goal = Self-Sufficiency • Colonization allows this to happen, or helps

  8. Revolution & Change • Economic changes = Societal changes • Towns and cities grow rapidly • Merchants rise to control great amounts of wealth • Much of Europe remains rural & poor • Wealth of European nations increases greatly

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