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20.4 – The Columbian Exchange

Explore how the Columbian Exchange led to the transfer of foods, plants, and animals between the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Asia. Learn about the impact of new crops, diseases, and the rise of global trade on economies and societies.

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20.4 – The Columbian Exchange

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  1. 20.4 – The Columbian Exchange

  2. Exchange • Global transfer of foods, plants, & animals • Americas  Europe, Africa, & Asia • Most Important: • Corn & Potatoes • Inexpensive, nutritious • Help people live longer = population boost • Diseases have greatest effect on American populations

  3. New to Old Crops Animals Turkey Llama Alpaca Diseases Syphilis Chagas’ Disease • Produce: Tomatoes, Squash, Corn, Potatoes, Pumpkin, Sweet Potatoes, Cassava, Peppers, Peanuts, Beans, Cacao, Vanilla, Paprika, Pecans, Sunflowers • Fruit: Pineapple • Tobacco • Quinine • Rubber

  4. Old to New Crops Animals Horses, Mules, Donkeys Cattle Sheep & Goats Pigs Dogs & Cats Chickens Diseases Smallpox, Influenza, Typhus, Measles, Malaria, Diphtheria, Whooping Cough, Yellow Fever • Fruits: Bananas, Citrus, Grapes, Peaches, Pears, Apples, Mangoes • Produce: Onions, Olives, Turnips, Yams, Black Eyed Peas • Grains: Wheat, Rice, Barley, Oats • Sugarcane, Honey, Coffee Beans

  5. Global Trade • Goods + Trade = Wealth • Roots of economic change in Europe • Capitalism – ownership & investment for profit • Governments no longer sole owners of wealth • Merchants gain huge sources of wealth & invest = growth of business • Economic activity = rise in $ supply = inflation

  6. Joint-Stock • Made up of a group of investors for a common purpose/venture • 1500-1600s: Goal was American colonization • Need for lots of money = high risk • Joint-Stocks allow investors to only incur minimal risk & huge rewards

  7. Mercantilism • Theory: Country’s power wealth • Wealth allows countries to build navies, armies, & buy goods • Goal: Get as much wealth as possible • Increase wealth in two ways: • 1) Gold & Silver • 2)Balance of Trade: Sell more than buy • Ultimate Goal = Self-Sufficiency • Colonization allows this to happen, or helps

  8. Revolution & Change • Economic changes = Societal changes • Towns and cities grow rapidly • Merchants rise to control great amounts of wealth • Much of Europe remains rural & poor • Wealth of European nations increases greatly

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