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Endocrine Glands II Adrenal glands

Endocrine Glands II Adrenal glands. Prof Menna Abdel-Dayem. Adrenal Glands. Two endocrine glands in contact with upper border of both kidneys. Derived from 2 embryonic sources: the mesoderm gives rise to adrenal cortex & neuroectoderm gives rise to adrenal medulla.

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Endocrine Glands II Adrenal glands

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  1. Endocrine Glands II Adrenal glands Prof Menna Abdel-Dayem

  2. Adrenal Glands

  3. Two endocrine glands in contact with upper border of both kidneys. Derived from 2 embryonic sources: the mesoderm gives rise to adrenal cortex & neuroectoderm gives rise to adrenal medulla. Suprarenal (Adrenal) Glands

  4. Suprarenal (Adrenal) Glands

  5. Stroma: Capsule, trabeculae and reticular framework Parenchyma: Cortex Medulla Suprarenal (Adrenal) Glands

  6. Stroma: Capsule: thick, covered with adipose C.T. Trabeculae: thin, descend from the capsule to divide the cortex into compartments. Reticular framework Suprarenal (Adrenal) Glands

  7. Adrenal Cortex

  8. Zona Glomerulosa

  9. Zona fasciculata

  10. Zona Reticularis

  11. Suprarenal (Adrenal) Cortex

  12. Suprarenal (Adrenal) Cortex

  13. Adrenal Medulla

  14. 1. Chromaffin cells:– Modified sympathetic neurons that have lost their processes and became secretory cells.– Polyhedral cells arranged in branching cords separated by blood sinusoids.– Have basophilic cytoplasm rich in fine granules that stain brown with chromium salts & central rounded pale nuclei. Adrenal Medulla

  15. 1. Chromaffin cells: EM: • Cytoplasm shows mitochondria, well developed Golgi apparatus, rER & membrane-bound secretory granules. • There are 2 types of cells at ultrastructural level: a) Adrenalin secreting cells: with less dense & homogeneous granules, i.e. the contents fill the granules. b) Noradrenalin secreting cells: with more dense granules and peripheral clear halo beneath the membrane. The secretory granules also contain opiate-like peptides = enkephalins. Adrenal Medulla

  16. Adrenal Medulla 2. Sympathetic nerve cells:- Stellate nerve cells scattered between chromaffin cells to stimulate their secretory activity.Innervated by preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers.

  17. Functions of the Adrenal Medulla • Secrete adrenalin (epinephrine) & noradrenalin (norepinephrine) in response to stress (fight, flight & fright). • During normal activity, the medulla continuously secretes small amounts of the 2 hormones.

  18. Migrated sympathetic ganglion:1- Innervation ……….2- Embryologic origin …………3- contain …………

  19. Paraganglia Masses of chromaffin cells scattered in close association with the sympathetic ganglia. They develop from neuroectoderm (like sympathetic ganglia). Give +ve chromaffin reaction. Function: secrete adrenalin & noradrenalin and enkephalins

  20. Three suprarenal arteries (superior, middle & inferior) pierce the capsule → 3 groups of arterioles (capsular, cortical & medullary).The cortical capillaries drain into veins of medulla which join to form suprarenal vein that leave the gland Blood Supply

  21. Cortex and Medulla

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