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National Science Technology and Innovation Initiative: A New Path for a New Horizon

National Science Technology and Innovation Initiative: A New Path for a New Horizon. Prof. Dr. Nüket Yetiş, Acting President. Center for Government and International Studies The John F. Kennedy School of Government Harvard University , 11/3/2006, Boston. Content.

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National Science Technology and Innovation Initiative: A New Path for a New Horizon

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  1. National Science Technology and Innovation Initiative: A New Path for a New Horizon Prof. Dr. Nüket Yetiş, Acting President Center for Government and International Studies The John F. Kennedy School of Government Harvard University, 11/3/2006, Boston

  2. Content • National competitiveness and science, technology and innovation • Science, technology, innovation and Turkey • National science, technology, innovation initiative

  3. National Competitiveness* “The degree of which a country can, under free and fair market conditions, produce goods and services which meet the test of international markets, while simultaneously maintaining and expanding the real incomes of its people over the long term." *OECD

  4. The Diamond of National Advantage* Firm Strategy, Structure and Rivalry Factor Conditions Demand Conditions Related and Supporting Industries *Porter

  5. Factor Conditions • Land • Labor • Capital • Infrastructure

  6. Land Surface 10000 1000 100 10 1 EU 15 EU 10 TR USA Japan China 1000 km2

  7. Population 10000 1000 100 10 1 EU 15 EU 10 TR USA Japan China million

  8. Demographics 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 EU 15 EU 10 TR USA Japan China Pop < 15 (% of tot pop) 15<= Pop<= 65 Pop > 65 (% of tot pop) %

  9. Demographics 15-64 Age 0-14 Age 65+ Age (*) Turkish State Planning Organization

  10. Skilled Labor Readily Available 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 EU 15 EU 10 TR USA Japan China * IMD, Competitiveness Year Book, (survey)

  11. International Experienceof Senior Managers 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 EU 15 EU 10 TR USA Japan China * IMD, Competitiveness Year Book, (survey)

  12. Productivity(2003) GDP per Labor Force (US $)

  13. Global Market Shares (2002)* * OECD Main Science and Tech Indicators, 2004/2

  14. Human Development Country Ranking (Among 177 Countries) USA 8 Japan 9 Germany 19 Spain 20 S. Korea 28 Russia 57 Turkey 88 • Quality of Life • Health • Education Source: Human Development Report, 2004

  15. National Competitiveness* * 2005, IMD, Competitiveness Year Book

  16. Scientific & Technological Economical Change Cultural Social

  17. R&D Expenditures/GDP (%) 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 1 USA 10 Germany Japan 20 Spain National Competitiveness 30 S. Korea 40 Greece Hungary 50 Russia Turkey 60

  18. FTE Scientists/1000 workers 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 1 10 10 Germany Spain 20 20 National Competitiveness Hungary Japon S. Korea 30 30 Greece 40 40 Russia Argentina 50 50 Turkey 60 * 2004, IMD, Competitiveness Year Book * OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators

  19. Science, Technology, Innovation andTURKEY

  20. National S&T Indicators Germany Japan US EU-15 EU-15 Values (2000-2001): GERD per capita population:467. 6 (PPP $) Number of triadic patents per million population:36 GERD as a percentage of GDP:1,89 Total R&D personnel per 1000 employment: 10.4 Number of papers per million population:822 Number of triadic patents per million population 2,5 2 1,5 Total R&D personnel/1000 employment Number of Papers/million population 1 0,5 0 GERD as a Percentageof GDP GERD per capita population

  21. National S&T Indicators EU-15 Spain Hungary Turkey Number of triadic patents per million population 1 Number of Papers/million population 0,5 Total R&D personnel/1000 employment GERD as a percentage of GDP GERD per capita population

  22. Challenges for Turkish STI System • No strategic approach • Resource availability and allocation problems • Inadequate demand for STI • Quality and quantity of scientists • Insufficient international cooperation • Lack of result and performance orientation

  23. Evolution of The Turkish S&T System Stage Milestones • 1st Stage • (1963-1982) • 1963: Establishment of TUBITAK • 1972: Establishment of Marmara Research Center • 1973: 3rd Five-year Development Plan mentioning the first time the term “technology policy” • 2nd Stage • (1983-1992) • 1983: First national science policy document • 1983: SCTC (the Supreme Council of Science and Technology) was established • 1990: First National Steering Meeting on Science and Technology with participation of the President and Prime Minister.

  24. Evolution of The Turkish S&T System Stage Milestones 3rd Stage (1994-2004) • 1993: A revised version of 1983’s Science Policy document was published • 1995: TUBITAK launched the industrial R&D support programme • 2002: Turkish foresight study has been started. • 2003: Full participation to EU’s 6th Framework Research Programme 4th Stage (2004-…) • 2004: Establishment of Turkish Research Area • 2004: Re-starting the regular meetings of SCTC • 2004: Setting up S&T targets for 2010 in line with Vision 2023-National Foresight Strategy and EU’s Lisbon Str. • 2005: Reconstructing the R&D Funding System • 2005: Social sciences • 2004-New programs,administrative and legislative env.

  25. The Supreme Council for Science and Technology (SCST) • Established in 1983 • Highest policy making body for science, research and innovation • Composed of representatives of the government, universities, industry and NGOs • TÜBİTAK serves as the secretariat

  26. The Supreme Council for Science and Technology (SCST) • Chaired by the Prime Minister. • Meets twice a year. Regularly meeting since 2004. • Decisions binding for the public agencies • In the form of a Prime Minister’s Circular. • Coordinates activities by various agencies • Reviews and evaluates science and research policies.

  27. Policy Actors of Turkish National STI System* TUBITAK-The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey BTYK- Supreme Council of Science and Technology • TAEK- The Turkish Atomic • Energy Commission MIT-Ministry of Industry and Trade • TOBB-Union of Chambers and • Commodity Exchange of Turkey ME-Ministry of Education The Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA) HEC-Higher Education Council (YÖK) TTGV- Technology Development Foundation of Turkey KOSGEB- Small and Medium Sized Industry and Development Organizations TÜRKAK- Accreditation Board DPT- State Planning Organization • DTM-Foreign Trade and Treasury

  28. Performers of Turkish National STI System* • TUBITAK Institutes • Marmara Research Center (MAM) • Instituteof Energy • Chemistry and Environment Institute • Food Institute • Materials Institute • Information Technologies Research Institute • Earth and Marine Sciences Research Institute • Information Technologies and Electronics Research Institute (BİLTEN) • National Electronics and Criptology Research Institute (UEKAE) • Defence Industry Research and Development Institute(SAGE) • Basic Science Research Institute • National Academic Network Center • Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute • National Metrology Institute • Turkish Industry Management Institute • National Observatory Other National Research Centers and Institutes Turkish Industry Turkish State Universities Turkish Private Universities and Research Centers

  29. National Science Technology Innovation Initiative2004

  30. Turkish Research Area(TRA) TRA was adopted at the 10th meeting of the SCST, 8 September 2004

  31. Strategic Approach Strategies TRA’s Vision Performance Management TRA’s Mission

  32. SCST Decisions (2004-2005) • Science and Technology Strategy 2005-2010 • Targets for 2010 • GERD as percentage of GDP2%(0.67% at 2002),50%coming from industry • Number of FTE Researchers 40,000 (2002 value is 24,000) • Science and Technology Performance Indicators identifed

  33. National STI Strategy (2005-2010)* Strategic Objectives • To enhance quality of life • To find solutions to social issues • To increase national competitiveness • To raise public awareness on STI issues (*) adopted at the 10th meeting of the SCST, 8 September 2004

  34. 446 million YTL (300 million dolar) allocated as an aditional amount to the 2005 Budget for the Turkish Research Area • 2006 and 2007 this budget increased by about 20% annualy

  35. R&D Expenditures* *2005 constant prices

  36. Public R&D Supports* Million YTL *DPT, BAP, DTM,TÜBİTAK, TTGV, KOSGEB, EU FP6, 2005 fixed prices

  37. Programmes initiated by the Prime Minister • Defence Research Program • Space Research Program • Scientist Education and Development Program • Science and the Society Program

  38. Creating demand for Science, Technology and Innovation • Technology and Innovation Support for Industry • Technology and Innovation for Public Institutions

  39. Technology and Innovation Supports for the Industry Number of Firms Submitted Projects Number of Projects

  40. Industrial Technology and Innovation Grants Public R&D Funds Million $

  41. Public Institutions Research Program Customer Demand Project Proposal Customer Satisfaction Funding R&D Performers Public R&D Ins. Industry MultidisciplinaryConsortiums University Customer (Public Institutions)

  42. Technology and Innovation for Public Institutions • Public Institutions Research Programme • National Defense Research Programme • National Space Research Programme 85 projects, total budget 250 M. YTL

  43. Public InstitutionsResearch Programme* Quantity Budget (YTL) Submitted Projects 142 Evaluated Projects 127 Funded Projects 11 30.002.487 Revised Projects 39 66.284.637** Rejected Projects 77 Recently Submitted Projects 15 34.718.858 * As of February 2006 **Budget demand for revised projects

  44. STI Capacity Improvement • Human resources development • Enhancing research infrastructure • Supporting national and international relations • To enhance scientific literacy of the society.

  45. Scientists (FTE)* * R&D personnel ** In year 2002; 38 000 in 2004

  46. Need for Researchers Country Existing FTE* Researchers Need for FTE Researchers FTE Researchers Gap EU 25 (%3) 1,150,000 1 700 000 550 000 Turkey (%2) 34 000 44 000 10 000 * Full-Time Equivalent (FTE)

  47. TÜBİTAK Supports for HR in STI

  48. TUBITAK Support for Academic Research

  49. New Programmes • Public institutions’ R&T programme • Funding for social sciences and humanities • Early research career programme • Young research career programme • Evrena (universal researcher programme) • Techno-entrepreneurship programme • Nationaland international networksprogramme • Patent applications promotion programme • Global-Mega R&D centers programme

  50. Enhancing International Cooperation • International Scientific and Technological Cooperation • Bilateral Cooperation • 220 Agreements with 80 Countries • Multilateral Cooperation • 3 regional cooperation, membership to 43 International Institutions • Association with the EU Framework Programmes

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