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PERCEPTION!

PERCEPTION!. Perception. What is perception and how does it influence our perspectives?. Perception. The process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensation. Perceptions Influenced by:. ----motivation ----Values ----Expectations ----Experience ----Culture ----Cognitive Style

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PERCEPTION!

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  1. PERCEPTION!

  2. Perception • What is perception and how does it influence our perspectives?

  3. Perception • The process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensation

  4. Perceptions Influenced by: ----motivation ----Values ----Expectations ----Experience ----Culture ----Cognitive Style ----Personality And Remember…your brain takes SHORTCUTS!

  5. Selective Attention • focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

  6. Visual Capture • tendency for vision to dominate the other senses

  7. Perception – tell your neighbor the definition! • The process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensation

  8. Figure- Ground relationship • organization of the visual field into objects (figures)……… that stand out from their surroundings (ground) • Analyzing separate information allows us to re-act to each individual object accordingly

  9. What is the figure, and what is the background here?

  10. Camouflage • when figures blend into the background • No distinction between “figure” and “ground”

  11. Cover one eye with a sunglass lens…

  12. Gestalt Psychology • Gestalt Psychologists focus on how we normally perceive images as groups or as whole objects, not isolated elements • Our brain takes shortcuts!

  13. Olny srmat poelpe can raed tihs!cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Amzanig huh? yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt!

  14. Several factors influence how we will group objects: • Proximity • Similarity • Continuity • Closure

  15. proximity- group nearby figures together

  16. similarity- Objects that are similar in appearance are more likely to be perceived as belonging in the same group

  17. continuity The tendency to Perceive continuous patterns

  18. closure- • The tendency to overlook incompleteness, and complete objects • We make them fit our preconceptions

  19. Constancy • perceiving objects as unchanging despite changes in retinal image • There are three types of constancy cues: • Size Constancy • Shape Constancy • Brightness Constancy

  20. Size Constancy • Objects closer to us will produce bigger images on our retinas, and as they move away they project a smaller image. The actual size of the object does not change

  21. Shape Constancy • Objects viewed from different angles will produce different shapes on our retina. Though we may change our position, the shape doesn’t change.

  22. Brightness/Color Constancy • We perceive objects as having a constant color, despite lighting, shading, etc. • A brick wall is still red, whether bright sunlight is on it, or darkness has made it look gray.

  23. We perceive the white as a constant whiteness, regardless of the shadow, when in reality, it is the same gray as the gray squares...trust me.

  24. Depth Perception • Depth Cuesallow us to perceive the world in three dimensions. • Monocular Cuesare depth cues that do not depend on having two eyes working in conjunction together • Binocular Cues are depth cues that depend on having two eyes working in conjunction with each other

  25. Monocular Cues • Relative Height • Relative Size • Texture Gradient • Interposition • Relative Clarity/Shadowing • Linear Perspective • Relative motion/motion parallax

  26. relative size • smaller image is more distant

  27. texture gradient • coarse --> close fine --> distant • (Look at the floor beneath you, and then across the room)

  28. Interposition/ Overlap • A closer object blocks a more distant object

  29. relative clarity/shadowing • hazy object seen as more distant • Lighted objects seem closer • Darker objects seem further away

  30. Relative Clarity

  31. Shadowing • Notice the “perception” of depth changes when shading is reversed

  32. If it doesn’t work…try clicking HERE

  33. Relative Height • Objects higher in our field of vision are perceived as farther away • Vertical Dimensions are often perceived as longer than identical horizontal dimensions

  34. Who’s farthest away? Who’s tallest?

  35. linear perspective • parallel lines converge with distance

  36. Vanishing Point – where two parallel lines connect in the distance

  37. relative motion/ Motion Parallax • closer objects seem to move faster • (riding in a car, trees along the road vs. houses in the distance)

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