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Classification of Matter?

Classification of Matter?. Matter. Chemistry is the study of matter and how it changes. What is matter? Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space Mass is the amount of matter in an object Light, sound, gravity and electricity examples of non-matter. Classifying Matter.

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Classification of Matter?

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  1. Classification of Matter?

  2. Matter • Chemistry is the study of matter and how it changes. • What is matter? • Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space • Mass is the amount of matter in an object • Light, sound, gravity and electricity examples of non-matter

  3. Classifying Matter • Just like taxonomy in Biology, matter can be classified according to its properties. • Different types of matter are classified in to different groups, Mixtures and Pure substances. • They can then be classified even further into compounds and elements (pure substances) and heterogeneous mixtures and homogeneous mixtures (mixtures). • Where matter is classified depends on whether it can be physically separated and/or chemically separated.

  4. Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space [Solid, Liquid, gas, or plasma] Separated by physical means into Pure Substances Matter with a fixed composition and definite properties Mixtures A combination of more than one pure substance Elements Elements are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances all are one kind of matter. Examples: Sodium (Na) Hydrogen (H2) Chlorine (Cl) • Homogeneous • (Homo=same) • Same composition throughout because particles of one substance are dissolved in another • All solutions are homogenous • Examples: • Kool-aid • Salt water Heter0geneous (Hetero=different) Mixture that are not the same from place to place. One material is suspended, not dissolved within another. Examples: Chocolate chip cookie Gravel Chicken Soup Compounds A substance made of atoms of more than one element bound together Every compound is unique and different from the element it contains Examples: Salt : NaCl Water: H2O Separated by chemical means into

  5. Pure Substances • Element • composed of identical atoms • EX: copper wire, aluminum foil Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  6. Pure Substances • Compound • composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio • properties differ from those of individual elements • EX: table salt (NaCl) Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  7. Pure substances Elements Sulfur (S) Bromine (Br) Carbon (C) Gold (Au) Compounds + = Silicon Oxygen Quartz (Silicon Dioxide)

  8. Mixtures Variable combination of two or more pure substances. Heterogeneous Homogeneous Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  9. Mixtures • Heterogeneous Mixtures • Mixture that are not the same from place to place. One material is suspended, not dissolved within another.

  10. Mixtures • Homogeneous Mixtures • Same composition throughout because particles of one substance are dissolved in another Brass (an alloy) Made up of Copper and Zinc

  11. Classification of Matter hetero- geneous mixture no uniform properties? yes homo- geneous mixture no fixed composition? yes no element chemically seperated? yes compound http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/matter/slides/sld003.htm

  12. Classifying Matter Practice Examples: • Graphite (C) • pepper • sugar (sucrose, C12H22O11) • paint • soda element hetero. mixture compound hetero. mixture solution homo. mixture Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  13. Compounds vs. Mixtures • Compounds have properties that are uniquely different from the elements from which they are made. • A formula can always be written for a compound • e.g. NaCl  Na + Cl2 • Mixtures keep their individual properties. • e.g. Salt water is both salty (salt component) and wet (water component).

  14. MATTER yes no Can it be physically separated? MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE yes no yes no Is the composition uniform? Can it be chemically separated? Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element Colloids Suspensions Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  15. Colloid Colloids are a type of mixture whose particles are held together through Brownian Motion, the erratic movement of colloid particles.

  16. Suspension Suspensions are mixtures of particles that settle out if let undisturbed. Suspensions can be filtered, while solutions cannot. Since that have large particles, they have nothing to withhold them together they can be filtered.

  17. Comparison

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