SPEAKING TO PERSUADE

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Persuasion Is A Psychological Process KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Without Disagreement, There Would Be No Need For Persuasion • Two Or More Points Of View In Complete Opposition • Disagreement By Degree KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Of All Types Of Public Speaking, Persuasion Is The Most Complex & Challenging KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Controversial Topics • People’s most basic attitudes, values, & beliefs • Some listeners may be so committed to these attitudes, values & beliefs that they cannot be persuaded KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Speakers Must Enter A Speaking Situation With Realistic Goals • Consider the speech a success if the speaker has persuaded even a few audience members to reexamine their views KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Audiences Engage In A Mental Give-and-Take With The Speaker KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Make Judgments As To • Credibility • Delivery • Supporting Materials • Language • Mental Argument With Speaker KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Target Audience • Part Of The Audience The Speaker Most Wants To Reach • Uncommitted Listeners Who Are Leaning Towards Agreement With The Speaker’s Views KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • During Speech Preparation, Consider The Values & Concerns Of The Target Audience KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Questions Of Persuasion • Questions Of Fact • Questions Of Value • Questions Of Policy KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Questions of Fact • Seek to persuade based on the facts of the particular issue KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Questions of Fact • Some questions of fact can be answered with certainty • How far is it from Schnecksville to Carbon? KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Questions of Fact • Other questions of fact are not so certain • Will the economy be better or worse next year? KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Questions Of Fact • Aim Is Different Than For An Informative Speech KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Questions Of Fact • To Inform — Impart Info In An Unbiased Manner • To Persuade — Present Facts In A Way That Listeners Accept The Speaker’s View Of The Facts • Example: The Legal System KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Questions Of Fact • Topical Order • Each Main Point Presents A Reason Why The Audience Should Agree • Must Be Logical & Consistent KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Questions Of Value • Require Judgments Based Upon One’s Beliefs • Right/Wrong • Good/Bad • Moral/Immoral KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Questions Of Value • Speaker needs to Justify Value Judgments According to Clearly Defined Standards • 1st Step — Define Speaker’s Standards For Value Judgment • 2nd Step — Judge the Subject Against Those Standards KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Questions Of Value • Topical Order • First Main Point Establishes Standards For Speaker’s Value Judgments • Second Main Point Applies Those Standards To The Speech Topic KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Questions of Policy • Deal With Specific Courses of Action • May involve Questions of Fact & Value, But Go Beyond To Make a Decision On What Should Or Should Not Be Done KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Questions Of Policy • 2 Types: • To Gain Passive Agreement That Policy Is Desirable • To Motivate The Audience To Take Immediate, Decisive Action KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Questions Of Policy • 3 Basic Issues: KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Need • Prove There Is A Need For Change KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Plan • Suggest A Specific Plan (Policy) That Will Solve The Need KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Practicality • Show That The Plan Is Workable & Will Solve The Need Without Creating New Problems KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Questions Of Policy • Types Of Organization: • Problem Solution • Prove Existence Of Problem • State The Solution KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Questions Of Policy • Problem — Cause — Solution • Prove Existence Of Problem • Analyze Causes Of Problem • State The Solution KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Questions Of Policy • Comparative Advantages • Devotes Each Main Point To Why Speaker’s Plan Is Preferable To Other Plans KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Questions of Policy • Monroe’s Motivated Sequence • 5 Steps: KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Questions of Policy • Monroe’s Motivated Sequence: • Attention • Gain Attention & Interest KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Questions of Policy • Monroe’s Motivated Sequence: • Need • Show Need For Change KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Questions of Policy • Monroe’s Motivated Sequence: • Satisfaction • Present Plan That Will Remedy The Need KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Questions of Policy • Monroe’s Motivated Sequence: • Visualization • Visualize Benefits & Practicality of The Plan KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE • Questions of Policy • Monroe’s Motivated Sequence: • Action • Urge Audience To Take Action To Support The Plan KIM ALYSE POPKAVE, M.Ed., CMI INSTRUCTOR

SPEAKING TO PERSUADE