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Types of Matter

Types of Matter. Key Idea #6 Elements and compounds are both made of atoms and can be identified by a unique set of physical and chemical properties. Elements. are chemical substances that make up all other substances. are made up of only one kind of atom.

malcolm-larsen
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Types of Matter

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  1. Types of Matter • Key Idea #6 Elements and compounds are both made of atoms and can be identified by a unique set of physical and chemical properties.

  2. Elements • are chemical substances that make up all other substances. • are made up of only one kind of atom. • can’t be broken down into other substances by any physical or chemical means. • are organized on the Periodic Table in families.

  3. Examples of Common Elements: Copper Helium Aluminum Googleimages.com

  4. Atoms • are the smallest particle that makes up an element. • have a core called a nucleus. • are so small, models are used to understand them. Escom.co.za

  5. Atoms are made up of • protons and neutrons - found in the nucleus of an atom. • electrons - found in a cloud around the nucleus. • Protons: positive (+) charge • Neutrons: neutral ( ) charge • Electrons: negative (-) charge http://www.phy.cuhk.edu.hk/phyworld/articles/laser/c-atom_e.gif

  6. Atomic Number a unique property that identifies an element tells how many protons are in an element’s atoms also tells the number of electrons that surround the nucleus The number of electrons is always equal to the number of protons Atomic Mass The average mass of one atom of an element. Measured in atomic mass units (amu’s) http://salksperiodictable.wikispaces.com/file/view/Copper.001.png/50687595 Atomic Number

  7. Elements are different from each other because of the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons their atoms contain.

  8. Elements are different from each other because of the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons their atoms contain.

  9. Elements are different from each other because of the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons their atoms contain.

  10. Elements are different from each other because of the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons their atoms contain.

  11. Elements are different from each other because of the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons their atoms contain.

  12. Element Atomic Energy Levels • Level 1: holds up to 2 electrons • Level 2: holds up to 8 electrons • Level 3: holds up to 18 electrons • Level 4: holds up to 32 electrons • Level 5: holds up to 32 electrons • Level 6: holds up to 18 electrons • Level 7: holds up to 2 electrons • In some cases an energy level will not be completely filled before electrons begin to fill the next level.

  13. Francium Number of Energy Levels: 7 First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 8 Third Energy Level: 18 Fourth Energy Level: 32 Fifth Energy Level: 18 Sixth Energy Level: 8 Seventh Energy Level: 1

  14. Potassium Number of Energy Levels: 4 First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 8 Third Energy Level: 8 Fourth Energy Level: 1 Note: The third energy level only holds 8 electrons, even though there is room for 18.

  15. The Periodic Table by Energy Levels • http://www.hobart.k12.in.us/ksms/PeriodicTable/energy%20levels.htm

  16. Another name for energy levels is electron shells

  17. The stability of an atom depends on its electron configuration. • The outermost electrons determine the chemical reactivity of the atom and are called valence electrons. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/images/aqaaddsci_01.gif

  18. Model of a Silicon Atom

  19. Valence Electrons • When A groups are numbered from 1 through 8, the number matches the number of Valence electrons. • A valence electron is the highest occupied energy level. • Elements have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons.

  20. Sodium metal + Chlorine gas = Table Salt

  21. Na + Cl = NaCl (table salt) When metals and nonmetals react, valence electrons move from the metal atoms to the nonmetal atoms.

  22. Elements on the periodic chart are represented by symbols and organized by similar properties into groups called families. corrosionsource.com

  23. Calendars are organized into • Days • Weeks • Months

  24. Groups (families) vertical columns similar to the days of the week on a calendar elements in a group have similar properties have the same number of valence electrons Periods horizontal rows similar to the weeks on a calendar elements in a period don’t have similar properties are arranged by increasing atomic number have the same number of electron containing energy levels Elements are organized into

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