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European Exploration in the 15th Century: Causes and Tools

Explore the causes and tools behind European exploration in the 15th century. Learn about the motivations, technologies, and key figures that drove the Age of Discovery. Discover how the quest for God, glory, and gold shaped global history.

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European Exploration in the 15th Century: Causes and Tools

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  1. What were the Causes and Tools for European Exploration in the 15th Century? Global History & Geography 10th Grade Boys & Girls / Al-Madinah School Saturday, January 4, 2020

  2. What is Exploration? • To find out • To learn about new things • To discover • To survey for resources • Technically It means, “the expeditions of European nations in the 15th and 16th centuries to Asia, Africa and Americas to look for business opportunities.”

  3. Causes of Exploration • Europeans have provided 3 reasons: Known as 3 Gs • God: To spread Christianity • Glory: To gain name & fame • Gold: To gain wealth • To look for an alternative sea route to Asia • Ottoman control of Constantinople and Muslim & Italian control of Eastern Mediterranean.

  4. Alternate Route

  5. Means & Tools of Explorations Spanish Reconquista • Marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon & Isabella of Castile in 1469 • Conquest of Granada in 1492 • Expulsion of Muslims and Jews from Spain. • Political and religious unity of Spain was achieved.

  6. Technology • The Printing Press • Johannes Gutenberg invented movable printing press in 1456 • This enabled literacy to spread • Books were made easily available • Europeans learned about geography easily.

  7. Technology Contd… • Gunpowder • Muslim traders introduced gunpowder to Europe in the 1200s. • New Military weapons were made. • Portuguese started to equip their ships with cannons • Naval Technology • New Maps (cartography) • Magnetic Compass • Astrolabe • New Ships (Caravels)

  8. Early Explorations • Portuguese takes the lead • Prince Henry (the Navigator) establishes navigation school in Lisbon • Gathers scientists, cartographers and shipbuilders • Bartholomeu Dias explores West coast of Africa and reaches Cape of Good Hope • Vasco Da Gama sails acorss Indian Ocean and reaches Indian port of Goa.

  9. Spain & Portugal Constantinople Italy Goa Cape Town

  10. Columbus & Portuguese-Spanish Rivalry • Isabella funded an expedition of Italian sailor Christopher Columbus to sail across Atlantic to reach India by going westward • Columbus reached Hispaniola in the Caribbean in 1492. • Both Spain and Portugal claimed the island. • In 1493 Pope Alexander VI mediated a treaty between the two countries. • Treaty of Tordesillas settled the dispute

  11. Homework Questions 1, 2, 4 and 5 on page 413

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