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Africa

Africa. Basics. Africa is the second largest continent (Asia is largest) Many countries are landlocked=no outlet to the sea Africa straddles the Equator Seasons in North Africa and South Africa are reversed. Rivers. A. Nile -4,100 miles long, longest in world B. Zaire (Congo) C. Niger

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Africa

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  1. Africa

  2. Basics • Africa is the second largest continent (Asia is largest) • Many countries are landlocked=no outlet to the sea • Africa straddles the Equator • Seasons in North Africa and South Africa are reversed

  3. Rivers • A. Nile -4,100 miles long, longest in world • B. Zaire (Congo) • C. Niger *Difficult to travel along these rivers -Rapids, deltas and sandbars ***Mississippi/Missouri River = 3,900 miles

  4. The Nile River

  5. Congo River

  6. Congo River

  7. I. Rivers continued Importance: • Water for farmland • Fish for food • transportation • These rivers help produce hydroelectric power in Africa *Most people in Africa live by water source • Rivers, lakes, coast

  8. Mountain Peaks • Mt. Kenya -17,000 ft. = 2nd Highest in Africa -In Kenya • Mt. Kilimanjaro -19,000 ft. = Highest in Africa -In Tanzania • *both are located on the East coast and on the equator, but so high, ice and snow blanket both year round

  9. Mt. Kilimanjaro

  10. Kilimanjaro Again

  11. Mt. Kenya

  12. Climate Zones • Deserts • Dry areas • Extremely hot days and cold nights (no clouds=heat escapes) • Sahara- receives very little rain • causes most people to live along the Mediterranean Sea • Largest desert in world

  13. Climate Zones • Tropical Rainforests • High annual rainfall – 100+ inches • Always hot and rainy *Very small population in deserts and rainforests

  14. Climate Zones • Mediterranean • Winters are cool and rainy • summer months are warm and dry • Northern and Southern coasts of Africa • Similar to Southern California

  15. Climate Zones • Savanna • Grasslands • Warm all year • Rainy season in summer • Dry season in winter • Home to most of Africa’s large animals

  16. What Kind of Climate Zone do you think this is?

  17. Cape of Good Hope

  18. Ethiopian Highlands

  19. Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe

  20. Lagos, Nigeria

  21. Botswana Diamond Mine

  22. A great picture of why “landlocked” is important

  23. People of Africa • Second most populated continent • Africa has more than 2,000 Ethnic groups = groups that have a common history, language, culture and way of life. • Berbers – Northern Africa – Muslim

  24. Languages of Africa • There are about 1,000 different languages 1. Niger – Congo is the largest 2. Bantu – very large language – about 360 different ones 3. Swahili – heavy influence of Arabic – spoken in Eastern Africa – primarily an Islamic culture 4. DUE TO IMPERIALISM: -French is spoken in middle and west Africa (Chad and Mali) -English is spoken in areas of Nigeria, Kenya, Tanzania, and Angola

  25. Looking at the Past • Africa’s history is unknown in many areas (Why?) No evidence or WRITING! • Linguists – one way of learning the past is through the words and languages of ethnic groups • Oral Traditions – poems, songs or stories that have been passed by word of mouth from one generation to another • Matrilineal Society – societies in which people trace their ancestors through mothers rather than their fathers

  26. Nile Valley Civilizations- Egyptians • a. Greatest Accomplishments • - known for the STEP PYRAMIDS • - Pyramid for KING KHUFU – large monument for the King (48 stories!) • b. Nile river offers – • - Protection, Nutrients, and Transportation • c. Religion • - believed in many Gods– sun, sky, and many other things in nature (Polytheism vs. Monotheism) • - believed in an afterlife = Mummification or Mummy - which is a dead body treated with chemicals and wrapped so that it does not decay. – Kings were buried with treasures, etc.

  27. The Sphynx

  28. Mummification Process

  29. The importance of the Nile to Egyptian Civilization

  30. Egyptian Gods

  31. Africa Traditions • a) Oral Traditions - told by a GRIOT - stories often told to learn about nature, animals, etc • b) PROVERBS – in Africa speak about the family – many families in Africa are Extended Families • c) Each family belongs to a CLAN = many extended families within a village • d) the success of African families depend on the efforts of all its members • e) Age Sets = African’s are considered adults around the age of 14 or 15

  32. The Religious Breakdown • Tribal beliefs have been around since the beginning • Christianity was brought to Africa around 300 or 400 and still exists today • Islam surfaced in or around 600 – 700 and plays an important part of African culture today • The Breakdown - - Africa is: • 40.5 % Christian • 48.5 % Muslim • 10% Tribal Beliefs • 1 % Other • Where do African’s live? • 80 percent of the people live in villages • most work on small farms to produce food – first for their family – second for some kind of profit = SUBSISTENCE FARMING

  33. Europe Invades • a. David Livingston started mission work in southern Africa • b. What is a missionary? • c. Livingston’s accomplishments 1. First white man in southern Africa 2. Traveled from south to north Africa • d. The terrain of Africa made exploration tough - rain forest - jungle - rivers - rapids

  34. More Development • a. The Industrial Revolution has a huge impact ! • 1. this makes travel easier and the interior of Africa is now available • - This begins the biggest period of European IMPERIALISM in Africa • - Imperialism = larger nations acquiring new lands to make their nation more powerful • 2. The Suez Canal is built by a French company • - this cut the distance from Mediterranean Sea to Indian Ocean by more than 4,000 miles • 3. Great Britain makes Egypt its PROTECTORATE • - Egypt is independent, but foreign policy is controlled by Britain

  35. Why were European nations Imperial? • They wanted raw materials • It created an image of being a power • The increasing importance of a nation’s Navy • Europeans felt superior to Africans • The Berlin Conference – divided Africa into colonies

  36. Scramble For Africa • POINTS SYSTEM: • 2 pts. If your not landlocked • 1 pt. if your near near a river • 2 pts. for a country outside the tropics • 1 pt. for a country not touching a desert • 3 pts. for top ten population • 1 pt. for each resource BONUS: Double pts for gold, silver, and oil. Ethiopia -2, Liberia -1

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