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The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus. David Lynch Cummins Westport Inc. Why Diesel?. Why Natural Gas?. Complex Hydro Carbon. Simplest Hydro Carbon. Highest hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of any hydrocarbon. Fuel Price History.
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The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus David Lynch Cummins Westport Inc.
Complex Hydro Carbon Simplest Hydro Carbon Highest hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of any hydrocarbon
Fuel Price History Natural gas has been 25- 42% cheaper than Diesel over last 14 years
OEM Availability-Transit NABI 40LFW Neoplan AN 440 TLF Neoplan AN 440 LF NABI 60LFW Orion VII LF
OEM Availability-Refuse Autocar WXLL Autocar Expeditor Peterbuilt 320 Sterling Condor
U.S. Emissions Standards Continue to Evolve Urban Bus Phase-In Period
What is changing? • Higher vehicle pricing for new technology • Higher cost of Ultra Low Sulfur diesel fuel • SCR for 2010 • The shifting economics of diesel operation
Consider the Natural Gas Alternative • Things have changed • Natural gas not for everyone • Natural gas as the lower cost alternative
Diesel ULSD Active Diesel Particulate Filters CEGR (ISC/ISL) NOx Adsorber or SCR SCR more efficient but a liquid that will be regulated and taxed Crank Case Ventilation (CV) ’07 Lube Oil Will require new, low ash oil New Oil Filters = 1.2 NOx + 0.01 PM in 2007 0.2 NOx + 0.01 PM in 2010 Natural Gas No change- CNG or LNG capable Replace Oxicat with Three Way Catalyst Add- CEGR (ISL G) No NOX adsorber required No CV required–reduced maintenance vs. LBSI No Change- Low Ash Oil in use today CES20074 Fleetguard Filter = 0.2 NOx + 0.01 PM in 2007 Diesel / NG Pathways to 2010
The Two Key EmissionTechnologies for 2007 Natural Gas Engines • Cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation (CEGR) • Three Way Catalyst (TWC) Cummins Fleetguard
Natural Gas Technology Featuring StoichiometricCooled EGR • Lowest emissions with use of simple passive TWC • Higher efficiency with combustion enhancements • 8.9 litre stoichiometric EGR engine with ratings 250- 320 hp • Improved clutch engagement torque • Higher efficiency/improved fuel economy • Reliability/Durability • Cummins diesel parts 0.2 NOx in 2007 vs. 1.2 Phase in Provision
Introducing Next Generation 2007 Natural Gas Engine Technology • ISL G will meet 2010 emissions standards ahead of schedule (0.2 g/bhp-hr NOx, 0.01 g/bhp-hr PM) • 85% lower NOx than C Gas Plus • 34% more torque at idle • Improved efficiency=improved fuel economy • No exhaust related maintenance costs
Specifications * Note: ISL G 250 will be available Jan 2008
Highway Bill* Highway/Energy Bill Private Fleets Net Benefit Oct 1, 2006 Old Tax New Tax Oct 1, 2006 Net Tax Increase Tax Credit 0.0670.203 0.136 0.55 0.419 To Fleet CNG$ / DGE Own Infrastructure 0.067 0.203 0.136 0.55 0.419 To Fuel Provider CNG$ / DGE Don’t Own Infrastructure 0.202 0.413 0.211 0.85 0.639 To Fuel Provider LNG $/ DGE All Infrastructure Energy Bill* Up to $32,000 Vehicle Tax Credit To Fleet Up to $30,000 Infrastructure Tax Credit To Fleet * CWI’s Interpretation Subject to IRS Rule Making
Diesel Diesel Electric Hybrid Natural Gas LCC Analysis – US Urban Bus Diesel Electric Hybrid with Energy Bill Provisions Natural Gas with Energy & Highway Bill Provisions $15,000 $10,000 $5,000 $3191 $2786 $2269 $1746 $1496 $1472 $1370 $655 $1067 ($836) ($955) Relative Annual Costs (US$/unit/yr) $0 ($5,000) ($9263) ($10305) ($10,305) ($10,000) ($15,000) 2004-2006 2007-2009 2010+ Model Year
LCC Analysis - Refuse Collection Diesel Cummins Westport Cummins Westport with Energy & Highway Bill Provisions $15,000 2.5 2.0 $10,000 $5743 1.5 $5,000 $2573 $2498 $2498 $1675 NOx Emission Level (g/bhp-hr) Baseline Relative Annual Costs (US$/unit/yr) 1.0 $0 Private ($3337) Private ($4144) Private ($4144) Public ($5962) Public ($6644) Public ($6644) 0.5 ($5,000) 0 ($10,000) ($15,000) 2010+ 2004-2006 2007-2009 Model Year
Conclusions • The economics of vehicle operations are shifting • Energy/Highway Bill funding makes Natural Gas a Bargain. • Some businesses will profit from the opportunity.
Key Characteristics-Diesel vs. NG Natural Gas Engines Continuous Improvement
What is over the Horizon ? • LCNG • LFG to LNG • HCNG
What is Next? • Think about what happens next with Diesel. • Think about using Natural Gas for the right applications. • Find the best alternative for your duty cycle.
Change is Inevitable “except from a vending machine”