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The Future of Natural Gas Engines in Truck & Bus Transportation

Explore the advantages of natural gas engines over diesel in trucks and buses. Learn about OEM availability, emission standards, technology advancements, and economic benefits. Discover the changing landscape of vehicle operations and the potential cost savings and efficiency improvements offered by natural gas alternatives. Stay informed about the evolving industry trends and make informed decisions for your fleet.

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The Future of Natural Gas Engines in Truck & Bus Transportation

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  1. The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus David Lynch Cummins Westport Inc.

  2. Why Diesel?

  3. Why Natural Gas?

  4. Complex Hydro Carbon Simplest Hydro Carbon Highest hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of any hydrocarbon

  5. Fuel Price History Natural gas has been 25- 42% cheaper than Diesel over last 14 years

  6. OEM Availability-Transit NABI 40LFW Neoplan AN 440 TLF Neoplan AN 440 LF NABI 60LFW Orion VII LF

  7. OEM Availability-Refuse Autocar WXLL Autocar Expeditor Peterbuilt 320 Sterling Condor

  8. U.S. Emissions Standards Continue to Evolve Urban Bus Phase-In Period

  9. What is changing? • Higher vehicle pricing for new technology • Higher cost of Ultra Low Sulfur diesel fuel • SCR for 2010 • The shifting economics of diesel operation

  10. Consider the Natural Gas Alternative • Things have changed • Natural gas not for everyone • Natural gas as the lower cost alternative

  11. Diesel ULSD Active Diesel Particulate Filters CEGR (ISC/ISL) NOx Adsorber or SCR SCR more efficient but a liquid that will be regulated and taxed Crank Case Ventilation (CV) ’07 Lube Oil Will require new, low ash oil New Oil Filters = 1.2 NOx + 0.01 PM in 2007 0.2 NOx + 0.01 PM in 2010 Natural Gas No change- CNG or LNG capable Replace Oxicat with Three Way Catalyst Add- CEGR (ISL G) No NOX adsorber required No CV required–reduced maintenance vs. LBSI No Change- Low Ash Oil in use today CES20074 Fleetguard Filter = 0.2 NOx + 0.01 PM in 2007 Diesel / NG Pathways to 2010

  12. Engine Technologyfor 2007

  13. The Two Key EmissionTechnologies for 2007 Natural Gas Engines • Cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation (CEGR) • Three Way Catalyst (TWC) Cummins Fleetguard

  14. Natural Gas Technology Featuring StoichiometricCooled EGR • Lowest emissions with use of simple passive TWC • Higher efficiency with combustion enhancements • 8.9 litre stoichiometric EGR engine with ratings 250- 320 hp • Improved clutch engagement torque • Higher efficiency/improved fuel economy • Reliability/Durability • Cummins diesel parts 0.2 NOx in 2007 vs. 1.2 Phase in Provision

  15. Introducing Next Generation 2007 Natural Gas Engine Technology • ISL G will meet 2010 emissions standards ahead of schedule (0.2 g/bhp-hr NOx, 0.01 g/bhp-hr PM) • 85% lower NOx than C Gas Plus • 34% more torque at idle • Improved efficiency=improved fuel economy • No exhaust related maintenance costs

  16. Specifications * Note: ISL G 250 will be available Jan 2008

  17. Highway Bill* Highway/Energy Bill Private Fleets Net Benefit Oct 1, 2006 Old Tax New Tax Oct 1, 2006 Net Tax Increase Tax Credit 0.0670.203 0.136 0.55 0.419 To Fleet CNG$ / DGE Own Infrastructure 0.067 0.203 0.136 0.55 0.419 To Fuel Provider CNG$ / DGE Don’t Own Infrastructure 0.202 0.413 0.211 0.85 0.639 To Fuel Provider LNG $/ DGE All Infrastructure Energy Bill* Up to $32,000 Vehicle Tax Credit To Fleet Up to $30,000 Infrastructure Tax Credit To Fleet * CWI’s Interpretation Subject to IRS Rule Making

  18. LCC Life Cycle Costing

  19. Diesel Diesel Electric Hybrid Natural Gas LCC Analysis – US Urban Bus Diesel Electric Hybrid with Energy Bill Provisions Natural Gas with Energy & Highway Bill Provisions $15,000 $10,000 $5,000 $3191 $2786 $2269 $1746 $1496 $1472 $1370 $655 $1067 ($836) ($955) Relative Annual Costs (US$/unit/yr) $0 ($5,000) ($9263) ($10305) ($10,305) ($10,000) ($15,000) 2004-2006 2007-2009 2010+ Model Year

  20. LCC Analysis - Refuse Collection Diesel Cummins Westport Cummins Westport with Energy & Highway Bill Provisions $15,000 2.5 2.0 $10,000 $5743 1.5 $5,000 $2573 $2498 $2498 $1675 NOx Emission Level (g/bhp-hr) Baseline Relative Annual Costs (US$/unit/yr) 1.0 $0 Private ($3337) Private ($4144) Private ($4144) Public ($5962) Public ($6644) Public ($6644) 0.5 ($5,000) 0 ($10,000) ($15,000) 2010+ 2004-2006 2007-2009 Model Year

  21. Conclusions • The economics of vehicle operations are shifting • Energy/Highway Bill funding makes Natural Gas a Bargain. • Some businesses will profit from the opportunity.

  22. Key Characteristics-Diesel vs. NG Natural Gas Engines Continuous Improvement

  23. What is over the Horizon ? • LCNG • LFG to LNG • HCNG

  24. What is Next? • Think about what happens next with Diesel. • Think about using Natural Gas for the right applications. • Find the best alternative for your duty cycle.

  25. Change is Inevitable “except from a vending machine”

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