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A Common Principle of Conflict Resolution in Single and Dual-Task Settings. Sander A. Los Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam. The sign of. orro. Zorro appears at the critical moment Zorro’s dual strike. Zorro appears at the critical moment. Variable-foreperiod design. S1. S2. R.
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A Common Principle of Conflict Resolution in Single and Dual-Task Settings Sander A. Los Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
The sign of orro • Zorro appears at the critical moment • Zorro’s dual strike vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Zorro appears at the critical moment vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Variable-foreperiod design S1 S2 R Foreperiod (FP) RT vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Variable-foreperiod design S1 Time vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Variable-foreperiod design Critical moments S1 Time vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Variable-foreperiod design Imperative moment S1 S2 Time vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Variable-foreperiod design (Zahn et al., 1963) vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Variable-foreperiod design (Zahn et al., 1963) vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Accounts vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Activation view: re-preparation S1 time S2 on trial n - 1 Suppose: S2 appeared at the 2nd critical moment on trial n - 1 vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Activation view: re-preparation S1 time Expectancy trial n Suppose: S2 appeared at the 2nd critical moment on trial n - 1 => Expect S2 at 2nd critical moment on trial n vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Activation view: re-preparation S1 time S2 on trial n Suppose: S2 appeared at the 2nd critical moment on trial n - 1 => Expect S2 at 2nd critical moment on trial n • S2 occurs before expected moment: RT = long vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Activation view: re-preparation S1 time S2 on trial n Suppose: S2 appeared at the 2nd critical moment on trial n - 1 => Expect S2 at 2nd critical moment on trial n • S2 occurs before expected moment: RT = long • S2 occurs at the expected moment: RT = short vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Activation view: re-preparation repreparation S1 time S2 on trial n Suppose: S2 appeared at the 2nd critical moment on trial n - 1 => Expect S2 at 2nd critical moment on trial n • S2 occurs before expected moment: RT = long • S2 occurs at the expected moment: RT = short • S2 occurs beyond the expected moment: RT = short! vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie (e.g., Niemi & Näätänen, 1981)
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning S1 vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning Bypassing the first critical moment: vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning Bypassing the first critical moment: Extinction vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning Bypassing the first critical moment: Extinction vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning Bypassing the first critical moment: Extinction vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning Bypassing the first critical moment: Extinction vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning Bypassing the first critical moment: Extinction vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning Bypassing the second critical moment: vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning Bypassing the second critical moment: Extinction vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning Bypassing the second critical moment: Extinction vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning Bypassing the second critical moment: Extinction vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning Bypassing the second critical moment: Extinction vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning Bypassing the second critical moment: Extinction vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning S2 The imperative moment: vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning The imperative moment: Reinforcement vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Inhibition view: Trace conditioning Note: state of conditioning associated with the last critical moment remains unchanged. vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Accounts vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Experiment:Probing the inhibitory process • Go / no-go task with respect to S2 in variable FP design • Evidence for response inhibition on no-go trials • After a no-go trial, extinction replaces reinforcement at the • imperative moment vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Design Conditions: 1. 50% “ready” go trials Time Response 1300 or 2200 ms, S2: Go 1000 ms, S1 off: start FP Ready 0 ms, S1 vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Design Conditions: 1. 50% “ready” go trials 2. 25% “ready” no-go trials Time No Response 1300 or 2200 ms, S2: NoGo 1000 ms, S1 off: start FP Ready 0 ms, S1 vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Design Conditions: 1. 50% “ready” go trials 2. 25% “ready” no-go trials 3. 25% “relax” no-go trials Time No Response 1300 or 2200 ms, S2: NoGo 1000 ms, S1 off: start FP Relax 0 ms, S1 vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Predictions N - 1 = “ready” go: extinction only when bypassing the critical moment vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie
Predictions N - 1 = “ready” no-go: extinction both when bypassing the critical moment and at the imperative moment vrijeUniversiteitamsterdam Cognitieve Psychologie