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Petroleum C

Petroleum C. Petroleum as a Building Source. Petrochemicals. Early 1800’s the only materials that were used were “found materials” - materials that occurred naturally (wood, stone etc) Now, most of our products are created by materials that the people from 1800’s have never seen.

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Petroleum C

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  1. Petroleum C Petroleum as a Building Source

  2. Petrochemicals • Early 1800’s the only materials that were used were “found materials” - materials that occurred naturally (wood, stone etc) • Now, most of our products are created by materials that the people from 1800’s have never seen.

  3. Petrochemicals • Petrochemicals - compounds produced from oil or natural gas. • Some materials use petrochemicals directly • Detergents • Pesticides • Pharmaceuticals • Cosmetics

  4. Petrochemicals • Polymer - a molecule with many repeating single units called monomers. • 500 - 20000 repeating monomers

  5. Petrochemicals • Petrochemicals are used mainly in the process of making most materials today. • These include plastics • Paints • Fabrics • Rubber • Insulation • Foams • Adhesives • Molding • Structural materials

  6. Petrochemicals • It takes very few builder molecules (small-molecule compounds) to produce many different substances. • Ethene is a great builder molecule!! • Double covalent bond between C’s.

  7. Addition Reaction • Addition reaction - adds water (OH and H) to each C atom • Ethene - the double bond is broken

  8. Polymers • Polymer - a long chained substance that often repeats itself. • Again, ethene is a great builder molecule • Polyethylene (polyethylene) is an addition polymer - a polymer made by many repeating units of itself • Monomer is the single unit that repeats or makes up the polymer. (ethene)

  9. Addition Polymers

  10. CFO Plastic Recycling • Do Recycle: Clear and colored plastic bottles (P.E.T.E. and H.D.P.E)* • Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE) • High Density Polyethylene • Don't Recycle: Cottage cheese and yogurt containers - Margarine and sour cream containers • Tips: • Discard caps and lids - Labels need not be removed - Rinse and drain - place in green bag / blue container co-mingled with aluminum / tin / metal cans and plastic.

  11. CFO Plastic Recycling • Plastic is Recycled into: • Plastic lumber - Boat docks - Landscape ties - Fiberfil - Carpet Backing • * P.E.T in polyethylene terephalate (soft drink bottles) • * H.D.P.E is high density polyethylene (clear milk jugs, distilled and spring water, punch drink bottles and colored container such as Tide, Downy, Ivory, etc.)

  12. Polymer Structure and Properties • Page 265-66

  13. Carbon atom • The C atom can form four bonds naturally. • Alkane - hydrocarbon with single bonds between all carbons • Alkene - hydrocarbon with at least one double bond between C atoms. • More reactive than alkanes because of double bond - they make better builder molecules. • The single and double bonds between C’s are covalent bonds - occur between two nonmetals that share electrons

  14. Saturated molecule • Saturated molecule has single bonds between C’s and is “saturated” with H’s.

  15. Unsaturated Molecule • Unsaturated molecule - involves at least one double bond between two C’s thus not being “saturated” with H’s. • A type of alkene

  16. Substituted Alkene • Substituted alkenes have one other element in addition to C and H.

  17. Double and Triple bonds in hydrocarbons • Alkanes - a hydrocarbon with single bonds between all C’s. • CnH2n+2 • Examples: C2H6, C8H18 • Alkenes - hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between two C’s • CnH2n • Examples: C3H6, C5H10

  18. Double and Triple bonds in hydrocarbons • Alkynes - hydrocarbons with at lest one triple bond between two C’s • Ethyne (acetylene) - is a commercially important alkyne. Blowtorches/welding • C2nH2n-2 • Examples: C2H2, C5H8

  19. Alkanes

  20. Alkenes

  21. Alkynes

  22. Cycloalkanes • Take a straight chained alkane, remove a H from each end and attach the two end C’s = cycloalkane • Saturated molecules

  23. Cycloalkanes CYCLOHEXANE

  24. Aromatic Compounds • Aromatic compounds are ring structures • Unsaturated • Must have a double or triple bond somewhere • Benzene is a common, commercially important, aromatic compound.

  25. Aromatic Compounds - benzene

  26. Builder Molecules containing Oxygen • Functional Group - an atom or a group of atoms that imparts characteristic properties to an organic molecule. • Alcohols - have an -OH off the main branch • R-OH • R represents the rest of the organic molecule • -OH represents the the functional group in this case, alcohol.

  27. Alcohol (ethanol)

  28. Builder molecules containing oxygen • Carboxylic Acids

  29. Builder molecules containing oxygen - esters

  30. Condensation Reactions Carboxylic acid + alcohol condensation polymer + H2O Water is produced!!

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