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TAXONOMY Classification of Living Things

Learn about taxonomy, the science of grouping organisms based on their similar characteristics. Explore the system of classification, naming conventions, and the different categories used to classify living things. Discover how organisms are classified into kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species.

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TAXONOMY Classification of Living Things

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  1. TAXONOMYClassification of Living Things

  2. obtain and use energy. Motile-move around, plants move toward sun grow and develop. Made of DNA reproduce. Limited life spans-eventually wear out and die respond to their environment. Able to repair injuries adapt to their environment. Made of cells Living Things

  3. Taxonomy • - the science of grouping organisms on the basis of their similar characteristics.

  4. The first taxonomic system was proposed by the Greek philosopher Aristotle around 350 B.C. He divided things into two groups, plants and animals

  5. A Swedish botanist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the modern system of classification in the 1700's which is based on similarities in structure and evolutionary relationships.

  6. System of Classification • needed to study the variety of life in an organized, systematic way (standard) • based on organisms' similarities of: • structure •  fossil record (evolutionary history) •  genetic make up •  life-cycle characteristics •  embryonic development •  biochemical • Groupings based on evolution--present life developed from earlier forms

  7. Naming System • An organism is known by its common name, the name given to it by the people of an area. For example, killer whale or harp seal. However, these animals are known by other names in other areas of the world. Also, some names are misleading to their classification, as starfish and jellyfish are not really fish. Linnaeus developed the idea of giving each organism a scientific name, a standard name that is accepted by all scientists around the world.

  8. The genus and species are the two parts of the scientific name. The system of using two names is called binomial nomenclature. The names are in Latin, which was considered the "language of science" in Linnaeus' time. So the killer whale is known as Orcinus orca and the harp seal is known as Phoca groenlandica. Scientific names are generally written in italics with the genus capitalized and the species beginning in a lower case letter.

  9. CLASSIFICATION CATAGORIES • kingdom - the broadest classification category

  10. phylum - (plural, phyla) each kingdom is            separated into these major groups

  11. class - related orders

  12. order - related families

  13. family - related genera

  14. genus - (plural, genera) the first word, in the scientific name e.g. "Homo" in the name "Homo sapien"or Felis leo or Felis tigres

  15. species - (plural, species) the second word in the scientific name, most specificNOT capitalized, lower case, in the        binomial naming system, e.g. "sapien" in the name "Homo sapien" or

  16. Homo or Felis-genus sapian, tigres or leo-species

  17. King Philip Counted Out Five Golden Slippers or-King Philip Came Over For Green Soup

  18. All living things can be divided into one of five different kingdoms, or groups: • http://teachers.oregon.k12.wi.us/hanson/moneran.htm

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