Journal Topic for Monday, Sept 10 th , 2012

1. Journal Topic for Monday, Sept 10th, 2012 • How are you at taking notes? Is it easy for you to figure out what to write down? Why or why not?

2. People Bag Reflection a) How do you think the class as a whole did? What was your favorite? Your least favorite? Why? b) How do you think you did? Why? What would you change if you had to do this again? c) How did Bradley do with the assignment – explaining, modeling, giving feedback. If he does this next year, what should he change?

3. 3-ring binders and tab dividers • English • Handouts • Notes • Completed work The other tabs can be for whatever you need them for… this is why I said you didn’t need a binder JUST for English!

4. Literary History of America 1588-present

5. Overview • Puritan/Colonial (1588-1750) • Revolutionary/Age of Reason (1750-1800) • Romanticism (1800-1860) • American Renaissance/ Transcendentalism/Anti-Transcendentalism (1840-1860) • Realism/Naturalism (1855-1900) • Modernism (1900-1946) • Post-Modernism (1946-Present) • Contemporary (1970s-Present)

6. Puritan/Colonial Period (1588-1750) • Genre/Style: Sermons, religious tracts, diaries, personal narratives, religious poems. It was written in plain style. • Effect/Aspects: Instructive, reinforces authority of the Bible and the church. Very little imaginative literature was produced. • Historical Context: Puritan settlers fled England where they were being persecuted for their religious beliefs, and came to New England to have religious freedom.

7. Puritan/Colonial Period (1588-1750) • Thomas Hariot • wrote A Brief and True Report of the New-Found Land of Virginia in 1588 • quickly translated into Latin, French, and German; it was a window for the Old World to see an embellished version of the New World • Anne Bradstreet • first book of American poetry • first published American woman • born & educated in England

8. Puritan/Colonial Period (1588-1750) • William Bradford • governor of Plymouth • essentially the first historian of the new colonies • wrote Of Plymouth Plantation in 1651. • Cotton Mather • Comes from a long line of Puritan ministers • Harvard educated • major participant in the Salem Witch Trials

9. Revolutionary Period/Age of Reason (1750-1800) • Genre/Style: Political Pamphlets, Travel Writing, and highly ornate persuasive writing. • Effect/Aspects: Patriotism and pride grows, creates unity about issues, and creates American character. • Historical Context: Encouraged Revolutionary War support.

10. Revolutionary Period/Age of Reason (1750-1800) • Benjamin Franklin • scientist, writer, diplomat, Founding Father • Explored all new avenues of thought • Thomas Paine • great American propagandist • Common Sense; presented argument for American freedom • The American Crisis; helped propel colonies into war

11. Romanticism (1800-1860) • Genre/Style: Character Sketches, Slave Narratives, Poetry, and short stories. • Effect/Aspects: Integrity of nature and freedom of imagination. • Historical Context: Publishing expands and industrial revolution brings new ideas.

12. Romanticism (1800-1860) • Washington Irving • known as “Father of American Literature” • first famous American author • Advocated for stronger laws protecting authors’ works • Edgar Allan Poe • Bad childhood made him despise the world • Darkly metaphysical vision • Refined the short story • Created detective fiction • Challenged notion that poem had to be long & teach something

13. American Renaissance/ Transcendentalism/Anti-Transcendentalism (1840-1860) • Genre/Style: Poetry, Short Stories, and Novels. • Effect/Aspects: Idealists, individualism, and symbolism. • Historical Context: People still see stories of persecuted young girls forced apart from her true love.

14. American Renaissance/ Transcendentalism/Anti-Transcendentalism (1840-1860) • Ralph Waldo Emerson • Leader of the Transcendentalist movement • Emphasized individuality, freedom, and relationship of the soul to the world • Henry David Thoreau • contemporary of Emerson • wrote Civil Disobedience, argument for individual resistance to civil government in moral opposition to an unjust state.

15. American Renaissance/ Transcendentalism/Anti-Transcendentalism (1840-1860) • Nathaniel Hawthorne • most stories written about New England • Focus on inherent evil and sin in man • Usually have a deep moral message • writes in direct opposition to Transcendentalists

16. Realism (1855-1900) • Genre/Style: Novels, Short Stories, Objective Narrator, and does not tell reader how to interpret the story. • Effect/Aspects: Social and Aesthetic realism. • Historical Context: Civil War brought demand for a more true type of literature.

17. Realism (1855-1900) • Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) • writes in strong, realistic everyday speech • first major author to come from center of the nation

18. Naturalism (1865-1915) • Genre/Style: Poetry, Short Stories, and Novels • Effect/Aspects: people are victims of the laws of nature, the universe, and fate • Historical Context: tied very closely to Realism; people were looking at harshness of post-Civil War country

19. Naturalism (1865-1915) • Jack London • poor working class writer • Gritty, vivid stories of life and death struggles • Stephen Crane • known for attacking patriotism, organized religion, and individualism • also confronted the meaninglessness of the world

20. Modernism (1900-1946) • Genre/Style: Novels, Plays, Poetry, experiments in writing styles, interior monologue, and stream of consciousness. • Effect/Aspects: Pursuit of American Dream, Admiration for America, Optimism, and Individual Importance. • Historical Context: Writers reflected the ideas of Darwin and Karl Marx, during WWI and WWII.

21. Modernism (1900-1946) • Ernest Hemingway • used concise, spare, direct, objective writing to create bigger-than-life heroes • won Pulitzer and Nobel Peace Prize for Literature • John Steinbeck • wrote about both pains and joys of life • most writing took place during the Great Depression • famous for The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men

22. Post-Modernism (1946-present) • Genre/Style: Mixing of fantasy with nonfiction blurred lines of reality for reader, there were no heroes, humorless, narratives, present tense, and magic realism. • Effect/Aspects: Grinds down the distinctions between the classes of people. • Historical Context: After WWII prosperity.

23. Post-Modernism (1946-present) • Robert Creely • Black Mountain Poet • writes with a very minimalist style • James Dickey • novelist, essayist, poet • Most writing is about nature

24. Contemporary • Argument over dates – 1950 or 1970-present • Genre/Style: Narrative, fiction, nonfiction, anti heroes, emotional, irony, storytelling, autobiographical, and essays. • Effect/Aspects: Shift in emphasis from homogeneity to celebrating diversity. • Historical Context: New century, new millennium.

25. Contemporary (1950-present) Stephen King • famous for books that scare people • lives in Maine • was rejected by publishers 30 times before 1st book published(Carrie, 1974)

26. Contemporary (1950-present) James Oliver Rigney (a.k.a. Robert Jordan) • went to Citadel Military College in South Carolina • wrote in fantasy genre • died before finishing 15-book Wheel of Time series