Three Worlds Meet

1. Three Worlds Meet Cultural diffusion, spread of Christianity, demise of indigenous population & Columbian exchange

2. Colonization in North America • Reformation in Europe • England—Puritans flee to the New World to practice freedom of religion • Jamestown—established by a joint-stock company – investors pool their wealth for a common purpose • Dealings with Native Americans

3. Colonization in North America • France in the New World • Claim territory from Quebec all the way to New Orleans • How do they get all the way down to New Orleans? • They will follow the beaver. • Fur Trade • Relationship with Native Americans

4. Colonization in North America • Spain in the New World • Controlled Florida, Mexico, & Central America • Conversion of Native Americans (indigenous population)

6. Big Question: Why did these European countries stay and create colonies in the Americas?

7. Mercantilism An economic practice adopted by European colonial powers in an effort to become self-sufficient—only reason for colonies to exist is to benefit the mother [colonizing] country.

8. First Spanish Conquests: The AztecsCortes conquered Aztec Empire in 1521and took control of modern day Mexico. vs. Hernando Cortés Montezuma II

9. First Spanish Conquests: The IncasPizarro conquered Incan Empire in modern day Peru in 1532 vs. Francisco Pizarro Atahualpa

10. Spain Expands Its Influence • Marriage between Spaniards and native women created a mestizo population • Impose Spanish culture • Catholic Priests are brought along. • Conquistadors vs. Native Americans • Different views on land ownership • Encomienda-a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it. • Lead to oppression

11. Spanish Colonial Class System

12. The transfer of goods involved 4 continents, Americas, Europe, Asia and Africa

13. Columbian Exchange Old World to New World • European diseases—smallpox • Steel technology over stone • Cannon and firearms • HORSES • Lack of unity • Cattle [pigs, sheep, chicken]

14. Columbian Exchange New World to Old World • Syphillis • Tomato (Italy) • Red Pepper (Italy & China) • Potato (Northern Europe) • Sugar • Cacao • Corn • Tobacco

15. What does all this mean??? Before Columbian Exchange After Columbian Exchange Establish a new trade system--mercantilism Items that were coming over to the Old World were not mentioned in the Bible. When and where did civilizations develop? Were Adam & Eve the first? • Europeans were unaware that civilizations existed to the West. • Trade routes—between Europe, Asia and Africa

16. Impact of the Columbian Exchange • European migration to the Americas wiped out the indigenous population • Directly & Indirectly • As a result, there is a shortage of labor to grow cash crops—Who do the Europeans turn to next? SLAVE LABOR

17. Triangular Trade Americas to Europe Europe to Africa Middle Passage Africa to Americas

18. Slavery African Slavery Slavery in the Americas As the indigenous population dies, the increase of slaves rises Based on race Hereditary • Existed in Africa for many years • When Islam spread, slavery increased • Race was not a factor

19. Middle Passage • The part of the triangular trade which brought Africans to the Americas • Europeans had trade posts along the west coast of Africa • In exchange for slaves, the Europeans gave Africans gold, guns and other goods.

20. Let’s watch a short clip on the Middle Passage http://10.135.3.241/SAFARI/montage/play.php?keyindex=211&location=local

22. The Effects of European Colonization on the Americas

23. Europeans R.A.C.E.D. to conquer the Americas Conquistadors conquer Latin America

24. R: Rigid class system and dictatorial rule in Latin America

25. A: Africans brought to America as slaves Brought across on the Middle Passage. The cargo hold of a slave ship would be packed tight as traders would try to maximize their profit. Conditions were hot, cramped and horrific.

26. C: Colonies imitate culture of parent country Which European culture spread the most?

27. E: Europeans immigrate to Americas As a result of discovery of the New World, Europeans will begin to migrate to the Americas and live in the New World

28. D: Diseases kill Native Americans Although Native Americans died from wars with Europeans, the MAJORITY died from diseases carried by Europeans, such as smallpox.

29. The Four Major European Players Spain: Caribbean, Latin America Portugal: Brazil France: Quebec England: North America