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Progressivism

Progressivism emerged as a response to social and political challenges brought on by industrialization in the late 19th century. This movement aimed to address issues such as government corruption, monopolies, and poor working conditions. Progressives believed in the potential for positive change through governmental reforms. Key figures included muckrakers, social settlement advocates like Jane Addams, efficiency experts, conservationists, prohibitionists, women’s suffrage advocates, and political reformers. They pushed for popular voting, direct primaries, recalls, and initiatives to strengthen democracy, municipal reforms, and regulation of big businesses and working conditions. Leaders like Theodore Roosevelt, with his Square Deal policy, and Woodrow Wilson, with his New Freedom approach, played crucial roles in advancing progressive reforms during this era.

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Progressivism

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  1. Progressivism • Causes: Social and political problems of industrialization, including the depression of the 1890s; government corruptions; monopolies; and poor working and living conditions of immigrants

  2. What Is Progressivism? • It meant different things to different people but with several common beliefs • Shared in the possibility of progress through reform within the existing system • Believed in a greater role of government to regulate big business

  3. Who Were the Progressives? • Muckrakers: Exposed the corporate and government corruptions • Social Settlement advocates: Jane Addams and others, mostly young women, established settlement houses to help immigrants • Advocates of Efficiency: Experts as a solution to political corruption • Conservationists • Prohibitionists • Women’s suffrage advocates • Political reformers

  4. Progressive Political Reforms • The cure for democracy is more democracy: popular voting for senators; direct primaries; recalls and initiatives • Municipal reforms: city managers and experts to replace the machine • Regulation of railroads and other big business • Regulation of working conditions

  5. Theodore Roosevelt • TR: Progressive presidency: regulation of business, FDA, conservation • TR: Strong and popular personality; presidency as center of national political life • Square deal: government as broker of American society

  6. Woodrow Wilson • Wilson’s background as an educator • Won 1912 Election because TR and Taft split Republican votes: WW 42%; TR 27%; Taft 23%; Debs 6%. (435/531 e. votes) • New Freedom vs. New Nationalism: WW for destruction of trust vs. TR’s regulation • WW: Adopted TR regulation in practice

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