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MATTER

Learn about the basic concepts of matter, including mass, volume, and density. Discover how to measure and calculate these properties, as well as how to prepare and classify solutions. Conversion scales and exercises included.

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MATTER

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  1. MATTER

  2. So do you know your conversion scale? King Hector's Daffy Mother Drinks Chocolate Milk King Henry Drinks Much Dark Chocolate Milk King Henry's Daughter Makes Delicious Chocolate Muffins King Henry Died Monday Drinking Chocolate Milk King Henry Died! Mother Didn't Care Much King Hector Dector Makes Delicious Chocolate Milk Kings Have Diamonds. Most Diamonds Cost Money. King Henry Died Monday During Christmas Mass. King Henry Died of Miserable Disease Called Malaria Kangaroos Hopping Down the Mountain Drinking Chocolate Milk Kangaroos Hop Down Mountains During Cold Months K: Kilo H: Hecta D: Deca M: Metre, gram or litre D: Deci C: Centi M: Milli

  3. What is matter? Well, we know that matter has a mass, since it weighs something. So that’s one way of describing matter. But what else?

  4. Space?

  5. Well more precisely, Space that an object occupies. The term used to describe this space is volume.

  6. So now, we know that matter is defined as an object that has mass and occupies a volume. Now, can we establish a relationship between these two aspects of matter. YES! Density: Density is an amount of mass contained in a given volume. A synonym for density is concentration. Density or concentration = mass volume D or C= m V For example, the density of water is 1 g/mL. There are no two substances that have the same density. Please note that density is used for pure substances like water and concentration is used for mixture like salt water or alcohol content.

  7. Now: Mass is measured in grams (g), pounds (lbs), etc. Volume is measured in liters (L), ounces (oz), etc. Concentration or density is measured in g/mL, g/L, etc.

  8. A mathematical example: An object has a volume of 20 mL and a mass of 5 g. What is its concentration? C = m = 5 g = 0.25 g/mL V 20 mL

  9. Other formula: m = C x V V = m C _____m____ C x V

  10. Triple beam balance

  11. Platform Pointer Sliding masses Beams Graduated scales Base Adjustment knob Triple beam balance

  12. Line of sight Meniscus Liquid Graduated cylinder

  13. Final Volume Initial Volume How to measure the volume of an object? a) Fill cylinder with desired water level b) Initial water level should be noted c) Tilt the cylinder at an angle d) An object must be added gently into the cylinder e) Note the water level now that the object has been added The change in volume is equal to the final volume minus the initial volume: Or ΔV = V2 – V1 f) Subtract final volume from initial volume

  14. Now do not forget your conversion scale. King Henry Died! Mother Didn't Care Much K: Kilo H: Hecta D: Deca M: Metre, gram or litre D: Deci C: Centi M: Milli

  15. Some terminology: Solvent: a liquid used to dissolve a solid is called a solvent. Solute: a solid or liquid that is dissolved in a liquid is called a solute. Solution: the combination of both the solute and the solvent gives a solution.

  16. How to prepare a solution: Solvent: Milk Solution Solute: Nesquik powder

  17. Going back to matter: How is matter classified? Matter Pure substances Impure substances: mixtures Elements Compounds Homogenous Heterogeneous Hydrogen Oxygen Carbon Water Acetic Acid (Vinegar) Ethanol Solutions: Salt water Sugar water Chalk and water, Oil and water. Basically, substances that are not miscible when mixed.

  18. Convert the following (show your work). a. 350 mm =_________________m b. 2 m =________________dm Calculation. Calculation. c. 200 mg =________________ Kg d. 500 g =_________________hg Calculation. Calculation. e. 500 mL =_________________decaL f. 500 g =_________________cg Calculation. Calculation.

  19. Some exercises: Set A • Find the concentration in g/mL of a solution knowing that you dissolved 2 g of solid in 250 mL of liquid. • Find the concentration in g/mL of a solution knowing that you dissolved 10 g of solid in 180 mL of liquid. • Find the concentration in g/mL of a solution knowing that you dissolved 245 mg of solid in 180 mL of liquid. • Find the concentration in g/mL of a solution knowing that you dissolved 300 g of solid in 5 L of liquid. • Find the concentration in g/L of a solution knowing that you dissolved 200 g of solid in 350 cL of liquid. • Find the concentration in g/L of a solution knowing that you dissolved 100 cg of solid in 8 hL of liquid.

  20. Some exercises: Set B • Find the mass in g of a solution knowing that you used 250 mL of liquid to get a concentration of 2 g/mL. • Find the mass in Kg of a solution knowing that you used 100 mL of liquid to get a concentration of 10 g/mL • Find the mass in g of a solution knowing that you used 2 L of liquid to get a concentration of 3 g/mL • Find the volume in mL of a solution knowing that you used 200 g of solid to get a concentration of 5 g/mL. • Find the volume in L of a solution knowing that you used 55 g of solid to get a concentration of 7.5 g/mL. • Find the volume in mL of a solution knowing that you used 8 decag of solid to get a concentration of 15 g/mL.

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