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Macromolecules

Macromolecules. Macromolecules. Large molecules Smaller pieces of larger structures Build organelles, cells , tissues, organs. 4 Macromolecules. Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids. Carbohydrates. Used for immediate energy Or are used to build: structural materials

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Macromolecules

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  1. Macromolecules

  2. Macromolecules • Large molecules • Smaller pieces of larger structures • Build organelles, cells, tissues, organs

  3. 4 Macromolecules • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids • Nucleic Acids

  4. Carbohydrates • Used for immediate energy • Or are used to build: structural materials Example: sugars, breads, fruit

  5. Lipids (fats) • Long term energy storage or are used for Insulation • Examples: Fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids

  6. Proteins • Used for many functions including defense, growth, response, cell communication • Examples: Enzymes

  7. Nucleic Acids • Used to pass on genetic information • Examples DNA, RNA

  8. CARBOHYDRATES: • Providing energy and regulation of blood glucose

  9. Types of Carbohydrates • Monosaccharides: • one molecule • Building block of carbohydrates • Example: glucose • Disaccharides: • two molecules • Maltose= glucose + fructose • Sucrose = glucose + glucose • Polysaccharides: • Hundreds of monosaccharides linked together • Example: starch, glycogen, cellulose

  10. Glucose • Most common monosaccharide • It is transported by body fluids to all cells, where it is metabolized to release its energy. • Starts cellular respiration ( breathing) • End product of photosynthesis

  11. Starches • Plants store energy as starch • Food: rice, wheat, corn, and potatoes.

  12. Glycogen • Glycogen is the form in which glucose is stored in the human liver. • Muscle converts simple sugar to energy for storage later • Glycogen is broken down for use later

  13. Cellulose • Used primarily as a structural carbohydrate • The material found in Plants cells • Used to make Wood, Cotton fabric and paper

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