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The Spread of Protestantism: Zwingli, Calvin, and English Reformation

Learn about Zwinglian Reformation in Switzerland, Calvinism in Geneva, and Henry VIII's break from the Catholic Church in England. Discover key figures and events that shaped the Protestant movement.

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The Spread of Protestantism: Zwingli, Calvin, and English Reformation

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  1. Ulrich Zwingli

  2. Section 4: The Spread of Protestantism and the Catholic Response 14. The Zwinglian Reformation: - Ulrich Zwingli began a new Christian group in Zurich, Switzerland. - Relics and images were forbidden in the city, and a new service of scripture reading, prayer, and sermons replaced Catholic mass. - Swiss and German reformers sought an alliance - couldn’t agree on the meaning of the sacrament of Communion. - 1531, Zwingli was killed in a war between Protestant and Catholic states in Switzerland.

  3. 15. Calvin and Calvinism - 1536, Calvin published Institutes of the Christian Religion – a summary of protestant thought. - Like Luther, Calvin believed salvation comes through faith alone and the bible is the only source for religious truth. - taught that God was all powerful and that God had predestinated who would be saved - was invited to set up a theocracy in Geneva, Switzerland - the Consistory – a court to oversee and enforce moral discipline

  4. John Calvin

  5. 16. The Reformation in England • came about because of politics, not religion • King Henry VIII wanted to divorce Catherine of Argon because he need a male heir; they have a daughter, Mary • The Pope is unwilling to annul the marriage so King Henry VIII turns to the courts • 1533, the archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer rules the king’s marriage to be null and void - few weeks later, Henry marries Anne Boleyn, they have a daughter, Elizabeth.

  6. King Henry VIII

  7. Catherine of Argon

  8. Mary aka “Bloody Mary”

  9. Thomas Cranmer

  10. Anne Boleyn

  11. Queen Elizabeth aka “The Virgin Queen”

  12. - Parliament passes the Act of Supremacy of 1534 – broke with the Catholic Church and the pope in Rome; created the Church of England and made Henry the supreme head of the church - Henry dies in 1547, Edward VI, the son of his third wife, comes to the throne. - Because Edward is so young, church officials move the church in a Protestant direction.

  13. - 1553, Mary I, a devout Catholic comes to the throne; wanted to restore Catholicism to England; has more than 300 Protestants burned as heretics; becomes known as Bloody Mary - Sir Thomas More – wrote Utopia – describes an ideal society where all live in peace and harmony; devout Catholic; opposed King Henry’s actions and is beheaded

  14. “Act of Supremacy” 1534

  15. Edward VI aka “The Boy King”

  16. Sir Thomas Moore & “Utopia”

  17. 17. The Anabaptists: - believers who had undergone spiritual rebirthand had been baptized - considered all believers to be equal - chose their own priest - believed in complete separation of church and state - persecuted by both Catholics and Protestants

  18. 18. Effects on the Role of Women - no significant change; women are to bear children, oversee the home, and obey their husband; her Christian duty

  19. 19. The Catholic Reformation: - Ignatius of Loyola founded the Jesuits – they took a special vow of absolute obedience to the pope; they were successful in restoring Catholicism in some areas - 1537, pope Paul III appointed a Reform Commission to determine the Church’s problems - Council of Trent – meets on and off for 18 yrs; reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings – both faith and good works are necessary for salvation, the seven sacraments, clerical celibacy; indulgences strengthened but selling was forbidden

  20. Ignatius of Loyola

  21. Pope Paul III

  22. Council of Trent

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