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Emerging Trends in NGN –Railways not to miss ICT Bus

Emerging Trends in NGN –Railways not to miss ICT Bus . SATYA N. GUPTA Chief Regulatory Advisor, BTGS,SAARC and India IRSE Seminar, New Delhi (Jan. 8 th ,2010). AGENDA. Emerging Technological Developments – Dominance of Wireless and IP. Next Generation Network (NGN) Ecosystem.

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Emerging Trends in NGN –Railways not to miss ICT Bus

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  1. Emerging Trends in NGN –Railways not to miss ICT Bus SATYA N. GUPTA Chief Regulatory Advisor, BTGS,SAARC and India IRSE Seminar, New Delhi (Jan. 8th,2010)

  2. AGENDA • Emerging Technological Developments – Dominance of Wireless and IP. • Next Generation Network (NGN) Ecosystem. • Mega Technology Trends. • Broadband Converged Network –NG BCN. • Opportunity for Indian Railways.

  3. Starting Quotes “ Solid state LED technology will make the light bulb a thing of the past. Voice Over Internet Protocol will spell a revolution in Telephony. Even more powerful microchips and ever faster chip-to-chip interfaces will allow for new applications in anything from systems management to cinema -quality computer games.” - Joshua Livestro in techcentralstation.com “The future of lighting --OLED--” “The future of telephony --VOIP--” “The future of networks --NGN--”

  4. Technology Development Trends • Increased speed and density of Integrated Circuits (Moores Law). • Enhanced Transmission capacities on Optic Fiber Networks and Flexibility (Gilders Law). • Distributed and Open Platform-based Communication Software (APIs). • Capacity Growth and innovative Application Services on Wireless. (Coopers Law) • Emergence of Next-Generation Networks (IP-based) offering QOS for real-time services. • Ubiquity of networks through RFID & IPv6 (Next Generation Internet).

  5. 1.Evolution of VOIP(Voice Over Internet Protocol) • IP-based Networks are establishing themselves. However, Circuit-Switching based Networks still delivering the goods. • Packet Networks gone beyond ‘Best-Effort’ tag and countered the limitation of security and reliability. • Cost advantage and transmission efficiency of VOIP leading to ‘Death of Distance’. • Media Gateway (Soft-Switches) enabling co-existence of circuit-switched networks and packet-switched networks in a seamless manner.

  6. IP OPTIONS FOR LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONY 1 PSTN Long Distance Network (TDM) Managed VOIP backbone Public Internet PSTN PSTN 2 VOIP Gateway VOIP Gateway 3 Internet Telephony Service Providers Node Internet Telephony Service Providers Node Local Exchange Customer Premises Equipment Local Exchange Customer Premises Equipment

  7. 2.Evolution of Alternate Last Mile Technologies • Use of Coaxial Cable for Telecom Services (Cable TV Network for Broadband and telephony local loop). • Use of DSL technology on traditional Copper Loops. • Wireless Access Service for Fixed and Mobile communication. • VSAT-based Access in remote areas. • Power line based Access (BPL). • Free Space Optics (FSO).

  8. 3.Technology Alternatives for Wireline Broadband Evolution of Wireline Technologies i) Use of Digital Subscriber Loop (DSL) technology on traditional Copper Loops (DIY, Franchising, Shared unbundling, Bit stream access) • Asymmetric DSL (ADSL) – 1 Mbps upstream/ 8 Mbps downstream, 3 Km • ADSL (G.Lite) – Splitter free, 512 Kbps upstream/ 1.5 Mbps downstream, 5.4 km • Symmetrical DSL – 1.5 Mbps, 3 Km • Single pair High-speed DSL (SHDSL) – 2.3 Mbps symmetric, 3 Km • ADSL 2, ADSL 2 + – 8/24 Mbps, 1.5 Km • Very high Data Rate DSL (VDSL) – 52 Mbps, 1.5 Km

  9. Broadband over copper loop (DSL) Local PSTN Exchange Customer Premises TV [video] Twisted Pair Copper Loop Phone [voice] DSL Modem LEX PC [data] DSLAM CDN Internet Content Delivery Network

  10. ii) Cable TV Networks for Broadband access • Broadband over cable TV accounts for 74% of total connections in US, and 55% in Canada • 55 million cable homes in India, but infrastructure can not support bi-directional communication and requires upgrade • Regulatory environment, via an ISP license, allows this with some MSO’s and operators already doing so • For advances to occur, better organization of the industry needed to be executed • Cable operators will need to adopt innovative business models to compete in converged environment • Possible to provide upgraded entertainment services such as interactive digital TV, pay-per-view, video on demand and time-shifted TV • Benefits operators with significantly higher ARPU and better customer retention • To start with Cable TV network which is uni-directional can be used for downloading, the uplink to be conventional narrow band like dialup/ ISDN/ RADIO • Operators need training to create awareness about utility of their networks and understanding of the investments required, returns possible, and technical aspects

  11. iii) Fibre Optic Cable Technologies • Fiber To The Curb (FTTC) – by existing operators • Fiber To The Home (FTTH) – Fibre in last mile to deliver converged services • Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) – by Cable TV operators • Metro Ethernet (Fibre based) – extending the range of LAN • GPON (Gigabit - Passive Optical Network) – triple play over TDM • (No limitation of distance or throughput speeds) • iv) Broadband over Powerline (BPL) Technologies • Use of existing domestic power connections for sending data • Throughput in the range of 1 MHz (4 – 6 Mbps) • Ideal for rural areas where telecom / cable TV infrastructure may not be there • v) Metro Ethernet Networks • –Use of Ethernet beyond LAN • –Use of high-speed access using hybrid fiber/ copper based Ethernet technology • –Power over Ethernet (POE)

  12. 4.Mobile TechnologiesTrends • GPRS,EDGE,802.11(WLAN,Wi-Fi), 802.16(Wimax),PTT,Bluetooth,UWB, 3G- Already Available. • B3G, 802.16e (Mobile WiMAX), OFDMA, 802.16m, 802.20 (WWAN,MBWA), All-IP cellular networks- Emerging out. • Human Area Network (HAN) associated with body/ clothing-Becoming a possibility. • Fixed Mobile Convergence(FMC) leading to inter-operability of handsets for any type of access – Quad Mode Multi Band handsets. (WiFi, Wimax, GSM, CDMA) • Software Defined Radios (SDR) – Multi-Functional, Multiservice, Multiprotocol, Multiband, Multimode (Universal) Radios. • Cognitive Radio(CR)/ Intelligent Radios

  13. Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) Technologies

  14. BWA Technology Evolution- 3G and beyond

  15. 5.Broadband using DTH for Receive-only Internet CUSTOMER PREMISES EQUIPMENT BROADCAST RECEIVE ONLY SIGNAL CHANNEL OUTWARD DIALUP EQUIPMENT Inbound CUSTOMERS RECIVING SET DTH PROVIDERS TRANSMITTER 512 kbps OUTBOUND COMBINED SIGNAL Outbound Channel 64 – 128 kbps (Radio, ISDN, Dial up etc.) - Internet Service DTH Service International Provider Provider Internet Hub Cloud Speed of outbound channel is generally between 10 to 20% of inbound channel -

  16. 6.Broadband Services Trends • High speed Internet access (death of World-Wide-Wait) – Still the killer application for Broadband in India • Video-On Demand, Interactive TV, IPTV, PPV, Time Shifted TV, Videoconferencing,telepresence, (Multimedia over Broadband) • Triple Play (data, voice, video) – One stop solution • IP-VPN (low cost connectivity) • EOIP • Interactive Gaming, HDTV, Work- From- Home • 4 e’s (e-Governance, e-Learning, e-Health, e-Commerce)

  17. VSAT HOME SHOPPING SERVER (E-COMM) INTERNET KIOSK/ HOME Ethernet VIDEO SERVER FTTC >2 Mbps 512 Kbps- 2 Mbps 256 Kbps- 4 Mbps Metro Ethernet DSL Cordect E-COMM SERVER INTERNET (CONNECTIONLESS) PSTN (Connection oriented) 70 Kbps SWITCHED TELEPHONE/DATA SERVICE (FR/ATM) ROUTED (TCP/IP) WLL CDMA 144 Kbps – 2 Mbps M-COMM SERVER Cellular Mobile Cable TV Network (Shared) Hotspots Network (WISP) 3 G PLMN GSM/ GPRS/ EDGE BUSINESS VOICE, DATA & VIDEO ON SAME PLATFORM 384 Kbps- 2 Mbps 128 Kbps- 1.5 Mbps WAP ENABLED/ GPRS/ EDGE CM Broadband through Cable TV HANDSET Wireless Broadband Access (Wi-Fi, Wi-Max) 64-384 Kbps Broadband through DTH Broadband Access in India- Technology-Neutrality (making use of existing infrastructure & wireless)

  18. 7.Trend Towards Convergence – NGN • Evolving Networks leading to Convergence of Voice, Data & Video services on a common infrastructure resulting into cost saving and performance improvements as well as leading to new avenues for revenue generation. • Convergence of Telecom, Broadcast and Internet leading to Multimedia services. • Evolving NGNs and 21CNs capable of guaranteed QOS and high level of Security, Reliability and Flexibility. • Emergence of single “Information Plug” (Triple- Play). • Customers aspiration – Better, Faster, Cheaper

  19. 8.What is NGN Ecosystem?(From Layman’s point of view) • Next Generation Services – Converged (quad-play-voice, data, video, mobile) • Next Generation Access – High speed (Broadband) IP based connectivity (ADSL,VDSL,Wi-Max,Cable TV, FTTH, PLC) • Next Generation Transport – Carrier Ethernet, IP-MPLS • Next Generation Architecture – Service oriented (SOA), layered (transport, control, application) • Next Generation Mobile – 3G+ (B3G) • Next Generation Internet – IPv6 • Next Generation Interconnect – Capacity and Quality based • Next Generation Licensing – Unified • Next Generation Regulation - Converged

  20. Next Generation Networks – Technology Evolution Present Day Networks Next Generation Networks (NGN) Internet Integrated Services Over IP Gateways Wireless PSTN Evolving towards All IP Communications

  21. NGN v/s PSTN Components PSTN Switch NGN Components Application & Service Control Server Call Control Switching IP Routing Interfaces Gateways SDH Transport with Overlay packets for data Common IP MPLS Transport

  22. Application Layer Application Services Internet Control Bearer Service Control Layer Softswitch Control IP Service Switching Transport Layer (core and access) Metro Optical Media Gateways PSTN X X X X X X X X X X Multiservice Packet Switching RAS Broadband Access DSLAM National Optical ACCESSNETWORK GbE Frame/ ATM CORE NETWORKS CPE Wireless NGN – a layered architecture distributingintelligence

  23. Typical NGN architecture

  24. 9.Emerging NGN Services – EOIP

  25. 10.Next Generation Internet (IPv6) • IPv6 is the next generation Internet protocol with improvement over the age old initial version IPv4 (since 1981). • It has capacity to expand the available address space on the Internet enormously, using 128 bits vis-à-vis 32 bits of IPv4. • Address limit of IPv4 is of the order of 4 Billions, while that for IPv6 is 3X1039. (3000 Billion Billion Billion Billion).

  26. Major weaknesses of IPv4 • Limited Address Space as addresses are 32 bits (4 bytes) in length. • No identification of packet flow for QoS handling by routers. • Address configuration either manually or through DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). • Security and mobility support needs additional efforts.

  27. Advantages of IPv6 •A larger address space and flexible addressing scheme •Efficient and Hierarchical Addressing and Routing with Streamlined header format •Inherent support for secure communications •The ability to allow differentiated services •Better support for mobility •Auto-Configuration capability supporting ‘plug and play’

  28. 11.Spectrum Utilization Trends • Radio Spectrum availability is key to the success of exploitation of new radio technology trends. • Being a limited resource, innovative evolution and management techniques required for optimum utilization. • Usage of Multi-Layer, Hierarchical frequency-reuse based on macro, micro and pico, femto cells, Cell splitting, Synchronous Frequency Hopping, Narrow banding etc. • Use of Adaptive, Intelligent Antenna Array and Scattering. • Enhancing the information carrying capacity of radio spectrum by Multi-level Modulation, Compression, AMR Coding, DTX, DSI ,OFDMA etc. to move towards Shannon’s Limit.

  29. 12.Mega Technology Trends • Core Infrastructure – Robust, Agile, Cheap, Invisible • Network – Packetised, Secure, Reliable, Broadband, Ubiquitous, Service -oriented • Devices – Always-On, Connected, Smart, Converged (IAD) • Application Development – Fast, Open, DIY

  30. Future Dominant Technologies Backbone:- Optic Fiber (Carrier Ethernet) Access:- Wireless Based (4G, Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, VSAT, FSO), xDSL Optic Fibre:- DWDM, Optical Cross Connect, Optical Switch and Router Radio:- Spread Spectrum, SDR (Software Definable Radio), CR Modulation:-Multipoint QAM Multiplexing:-OFDM Switching:- Packet Switching (IP) Addressing:- IPv6, E.NUM Customer Premises Equipment:- Converged (IAD), Triple play Chips: - Supercomputer/ System on a chip (SOC)

  31. 14.Next Generation Broadband Converged Network (NG BcN) Converged Services “Next generation network(NGN) which provides seamless converged services from Telecom, Internet & Broadcasting infrastructure at any time, anywhere to anywhere, from any device to any device as per the wish of Customers.” Open Application Interface Inter-operatability Broadband IP QOS Wire + Wireless ‘Any Media’ Voice + Data ‘Any Mode’ Telecom + Broadcasting ‘Any Service’

  32. 15. ICT Opportunity for Indian Railways • 1000 Towers- Share Infra, Create Rlys. Wireless Corridor ( Rlys. dedicated spectrum band) • 5 Lakhs Copper Loops- Broadband, Triple Play • 500 Exchanges- IP DSLAM POP • 40,000 Km OFC- Packetise,Lease-out and Collaborate • 10,000 Km Cu-Quad- Digitalise • 7000 Railway Stations- Hot Spots, E-services Outlets • 20,000 KM of Digital radio (34Mb)- Packetise(100Mb) • Use Innovative Green tech.- Earn Carbon Credits • 15 Million daily passengers and 1.5 million employees- Captive Customer Base, Smart Cards,Service bundling • Popular Railnet- Leap frog to Next Generation-IPV6 • Become ATN ( Alternate Telecom Network)- A Multimedia Super Highway with Rural Access to contribute towards Nation building ( Bharat- Nirman).

  33. THANK YOU Satya N.Gupta Chief Regulatory Advisor, BT GS,SAARC and India E-Mail satyen.gupta@bt.com, sngupta57@yahoo.com

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