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The Human Body Introduction and Orientation

Explore the anatomy and physiology of the human body, from organ systems to cellular functions. Learn about the structures that determine how our bodies work and the processes that keep us alive and functioning properly. Discover the levels of organization, major systems like skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, and more, and the crucial functions they serve. Delve into the intricate details of the body's systems and how they work together for optimal health and performance.

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The Human Body Introduction and Orientation

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  1. The Human BodyIntroduction and Orientation

  2. Opening Assignment: Organize the following words into the fewest groups Eyes, Stomach, Kidney, Digestion, Respiration, Umbilicus, Gluteus Maximus, Reproduction, Cells, Urinary Bladder, Mitosis, Excretion, Movement, Gas Exchange, Lungs, Brain, Blood Formation, Support, Absorption, Blood

  3. Answer Anatomy / Structure Physiology / Function Digestion Respiration Reproduction Mitosis Excretion Movement Gas Exchange Absorption Blood Formation Support • Eyes • Stomach • Kidney • Umbilicus • Gluteus Maximus • Urinary Bladder • Cells • Lungs • Brain • Blood Vessels

  4. Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy Physiology How the body and its parts work Structures determine the function Functions are the processes or jobs • Structures • Shape of the body and its parts • Gross Anatomy can be seen without a microscope • Microscopic , too small to be seen without a microscope

  5. Levels of Organization

  6. 11 Systems Skeletal Muscular Cardiovascular Nervous Endocrine Integument Respiratory Digestive Urinary Lymphatic / Immune Reproductive

  7. Skeletal System Structure Bones, cartilage, ligaments and joints Function Support. Provides basis for movement. Protection Hematopoiesis = Formation of red blood cells happens within long bones. Mineral storage.

  8. Muscular System Structure Skeletal muscles. Although muscle is found in other systems Function Muscles contract (shorten) and provide movement. Support. Heat production

  9. Cardiovascular System Structure Heart and blood vessels. Function Uses blood as the carrier of nutrients, wastes and gasses Carries White Blood Cells and chemicals that protect the body Heart acts as a pump .

  10. Lymphatic / Immune System Structure Lymphatic vessels, Lymph nodes, spleen tonsils, thymus, bone marrow, Function Recovers fluids for tissue drainage Cleans the blood Houses cells that are involved in immunity

  11. Nervous System Structure Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors Function Responds to external and internal signals Coordinates activities of other organ systems.

  12. Endocrine System Structure Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenals, Thymus, Pancreas, Pineal, Ovary and Testes. Function Directs long-term changes using hormones. Growth, Reproduction Food Use.

  13. Integumentary System Structure Skin (largest organ) and temperature, pressure and pain receptors. Function Protect, Cushion Waterproofs Excretes salt and urea Regulates temperature.

  14. Respiratory System Structure Nasal passage, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs Function Delivery of air to sites where gas exchange takes place

  15. Digestive System Structure Function Processing food, absorption of organic nutrients, minerals vitamins and water • oral cavity, • esophagus • stomach • small • large intestines • rectum • liver • pancreas

  16. Urinary System Structure Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra. Function Excretes nitrogen-containing waste (forms when protein is broken down) Urea and Uric Acid Maintains water and salt balance Controls pH of the blood

  17. Reproductive System Structure Function Production of sex cells and hormones to produce offspring. • M=Testes (produce sperm), Scrotum, Penis accessory glands and duct system • F=Ovary (produce eggs), Uterine tubes, Uterus, Vagina

  18. 8 Life Functions • Boundaries: Inside is separate from outside…every cell has a membrane. • Movement: We move and our food moves through us. • Responsiveness: Sense changes and react. • Digestion: Breaking down of food to be absorbed by blood. • Metabolism: All chemical reactions in the body. Depends on the Digestive and Respiratory systems for nutrients and oxygen but it is regulated by the hormones of the Endocrine system. • Excretion: Removing waste • Reproduction: Production of offspring • Growth: Increase in size.

  19. Homeostasis • Stable internal conditions • Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

  20. Negative Feedback Mechanisms • Shuts off original stimulus like home thermostat. • Our body has a lot of these: Water, temperature, sugar, fight or flight, muscles for balance. Constant state of adjustment.

  21. Positive Feedback Mechanisms • Increases the original stimulus. Blood clotting and birth of baby.

  22. Anatomical Position • Body erect, feet parallel, arms at sides palms forward. Use the face of the clock to describe location

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