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Challenges and Progress in Post-Colonial Africa: History, Politics, and Contemporary Issues

This article explores the historical background of Africa, including European colonization and its impact on the continent. It examines challenges to African unity, the rise of dictators, movements towards democracy, ongoing Western involvement, and current issues such as hunger, disease, and civil war. The article also compares Africa and America today, analyzes disease data, discusses African debt, the brain drain phenomenon, and highlights specific issues like slavery, child labor, deforestation, oil pollution, and the Sudan crisis.

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Challenges and Progress in Post-Colonial Africa: History, Politics, and Contemporary Issues

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  1. Africa

  2. Background • Historical Issues in Africa? • Kingdoms • Slave Trade • European Imperialism • Berlin Conference • Pan-African movement • Ignored

  3. Why did Europeans give up their colonies after WWII? • Too Expensive • Nationalist Movements emerge • Moral Issue

  4. What were challenges to unity in newly formed independent African states? • How “Nations” had been formed • Ethnic Rivalries • Different Languages • Different Religions • Different Traditions • Most peoples first loyalty is to tribe

  5. Many heroes of independence movements create one party dictatorships Claim multi-party government hurts unity Eventually become repressive If civil unrest comes, military leaders seize power in a coup d'état and create new dictatorship How and why did dictators gain power in many newly formed independent African states?

  6. How and why did some African states move towards democracy in the 1990s? • Western governments and World Bank refuse to loan money if no democracy

  7. In what ways are Western Nations (USA, Europe) still involved in control of Africa today? • Still control much of economy • Neo-colonization=geopolitical practice of using capitalism, business globalization, and cultural imperialism to influence a country

  8. Issues in Africa Today • Hunger • Disease • Population Concerns • Economic Issues • Brain Drain • Natural Disasters • Child Labor/ Slavery/ Child Soldiers • Environmental Issues • Civil War • Genocide

  9. Describe the relationship between food requirements and deliveries in Africa

  10. Compare and Contrast Africa and America today.

  11. Analyze the pie graphs given on diseases.

  12. Leading causes of death (2014)

  13. What is the political cartoon about the Wave saying. What has happened to life expectancy in many African nations? Why? http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/aids

  14. Overpopulation

  15. How has African debt changed over the last twenty years?

  16. Situation in which many educated or professional people leave a particular place or profession and move to another one that gives them better pay or living conditions Brain Drain

  17. Crime: Slavery/ Child Labor

  18. Deforestation Oil and Pollution Other Issues:

  19. Civil War

  20. Sudan

  21. Sudan Crisis 2003-P • Janjaweed • Arab Muslim militia • Tribesman/Nomads • Black Africans Muslims • Victims of the janjaweed • Farmers • Beginnings: • Black Africans wanted political power • Economic equality, neglected • Janjaweed used by gov.t’ to expel And combat Black Africans rebels http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8__o6mzsX0

  22. Refugee Camps • -Majority fled to neighboring Chad • -2.7 million displaced • -Problems: food, water, unsanitary www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/jan-june04/refugees_05-13.html

  23. What are some similarities and differences between Rwanda and Sudan?

  24. Why have some countries resisted helping Sudan?

  25. China and Russia (P5SC) blocked UN Resolutions • China is Sudan’s chief diplomatic ally • Invests in Oil • Sudan’s military is supplied by Chinese made weapaons • Russia =investment partner/political ally

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