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Properties and Changes of Matter

Explore the characteristics, properties, and changes of matter, including physical and chemical changes. Learn about mass, volume, density, solubility, and more. Understand the differences between pure substances, mixtures, and compounds.

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Properties and Changes of Matter

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  1. mATTER Anything that has mass and volume (takes up space) Exists usually as a solid, liquid or gas (the fourth state is plasma)

  2. Characteristics (Properties) of Matter • Matter has many characteristics (properties) that can be observed: • Physical (observed without changing the make up of the substance) • Mass  • Volume • Density • Color  • Shape/size • Texture

  3. More Physical Properties • Conductor of electricity • Hardness of a mineral • Streak of a mineral • Cleavage of a mineral • Odor • Melting/freezing/boiling point • Solubility

  4. Physical Changes • A change in a physical property without changing the make up of the substance • Examples include: • Ripping paper • Cutting a piece of yarn • Stretching a rubber band • Phase changes (water boiling, freezing and melting) • Sheep-sheering • Separating a mixture (by physical means)

  5. Characteristics of Physical Changes • The substance is the SAME before and after  • Only the physical properties change • A physical change CAN be reversed

  6. Chemical Changes • Matter has many characteristics (properties) that can be observed: • Chemical (describe how substances can form new substances) • Combustibility • Ability to rust • Tarnishing • pH

  7. Chemical Changes • A change in a substance that produces one or more new substances • Examples include • Nail rusting • Wood burning • Food cooking • Tarnishing of the Statue of Liberty • Photosynthesis

  8. Evidence of a Chemical Change Look for: • color change • bubbling and fizzing (a gas is produced) • light or heat production (the release of energy) • formation of a solid.

  9. Characteristics of Chemical Changes • Substance changes into something else (it is NOT the same before and after) • Both physical and chemical properties change • A chemical change can NOT be reversed

  10. SOOOOOOOO…… WHERE DO WE BEGIN!?!?!?

  11. Mass • The amount of matter an object contains • Measured with a triple beam balance • Unit (symbol) • Gram (g)

  12. Volume • Amount of space a substance takes up

  13. Density • A property of matter representing the mass per unit volume • D= m/v • Unit (symbol) • g/cm3 or g/mL • “how jam-packed something is” NOT how light or heavy something is!

  14. Solubility • A substance’s ability to dissolve • Insoluble means does not dissolve Ex: Hot cocoa mix in milk or water Iced tea mix in water You can speed up the rate at which a substance dissolves by: • Stirring • Increasing surface area (cutting into smaller pieces) • Adding heat

  15. Solubility Words • Solute- in a solution, a substance that is dissolved into a solvent • Ex) iced tea mix, hot cocoa mix, chocolate syrup • Solvent- in a solution, a substance that dissolves a solute, present in the largest percentage • Ex) water, when making iced tea there is more water than iced tea mix • Solution- a mixture of two or more substances that is identical throughout

  16. More Solubility Words • Saturated - containing the maximum amount of a solute that can be dissolved (there’s no room) • Unsaturated - not saturated, there’s still room • Super-saturated - there’s extra at the bottom • Concentration - solute / solvent • More solute = more concentrated = “stronger” • Less solute = less concentrated = “weaker” (diluted)

  17. Solubility Curves • Look at the graph and describe the lines! • Some increase, • some decrease, • some slowly, • some quickly. • It doesn’t matter what the substance is….just how the line looks!

  18. Matter can be pure or mixed • Matter can be a pure substance, meaning it only has one type of component: • Examples: • Elements • Contains only one type of atom • Gold contains gold atoms • Compounds Contains two or more types of atoms bonded together • Compounds have very different properties than the elements that make them up • Ex) Na (explosive) and Cl (poisonous gas) when mixed, make table salt

  19. Matter can be pure or mixed • Mixtures are combinations of substances in which the substance retains its properties • M&Ms ~ the red M&M still stays red even though it’s mixed with green and yellow M&Ms • Fruit salad ~ all the fruit pieces remain as the individual fruit

  20. Comparing Mixtures and Compounds

  21. Separating Mixtures • Can be separated by physical means • Color, size, shape, texture • Using a magnet (if one part is magnetic) • Strainer if mixed in water/other liquid • If dissolved in water, evaporate the water

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