World Regional Geography January 13, 2010

1. Reading: Marston Chapter 1 World Atlas vi-xii Waitlisted Students: If you are still on the waitlist please leave your name, student #, recitation section, and e-mail on the yellow pad on the desk before leaving today. World Regional Geography January 13, 2010

2. What is Geography? • The study of Earth as created by natural forces and as modified by human action. • The interaction between humans and the environment.

3. What is Geography? • Physical Geography • Examine how natural/physical forces shape the Earth. • What are Earth’s natural processes, and what are their outcomes? • Physical Geographers Study (including but not limited to): • Climate and weather patterns • Landforms (e.g. mountains) • Rivers and oceans • Soils • Plant and animal ecology

4. What is Geography? • Human Geography • Examines the spatial organization of human processes, and their relationship to the environment (physical and social/cultural). • How do humans organize themselves and function in space? How do these patterns and process affect the environment, and how does the environment affect them?

5. What is Geography? • Human Geographers Study (including but not limited to): • Population and demography • Resource management • Agricultural production and food security • Regional/urban planning • Human and animal disease vectors • Cultural/symbolic meaning of place • Conflict • Human geographers often categorize themselves and quantitative or qualitative.

6. Regional Geography • Combines physical and human geography. • How combinations of environmental and human factors produce unique physical, social, and cultural landscapes. • How do natural, social, economic, political, and cultural phenomena produce distinct geographic areas?

7. What is a Region • “Region” is a concept that is used to identify and organize areas of Earth’s surface for various purposes. • A region is a human construct whose boundaries and characteristics are derived from sets of specific criteria. • Can vary in scale from global to local. • A region has certain characteristics that give it a measure of cohesiveness and distinctiveness that set it apart from other regions.

8. World Regions “Extensive geographic divisions based on continental and physiographic settings that contains major clusters of humankind with broadly similar cultural attributes.”

9. Types of Regions • Formal • Functional • Perceptional

10. Formal Regions A formal region is comprised of a group of areal units that share a common distinguishing feature (human or physical). • Political entities (counties, states, countries) • Climate/vegetation • Landforms • Language, religion, nationality, culture • Specific measures • Population density • Per capita income • Temperature • Rainfall

11. Global Rainfall & Climatic Zones

12. World Ecosystems

13. Basque Language Region (Spain & France)

14. Soda, Pop, or Coke?

15. Functional Regions A functional region is organized and defined by patterns of spatial interaction or organization, and is often centered on a node. • Metropolitan areas • Economic interaction • Trade • Production • Transportation networks • Subway system • Air travel • Communications networks • Newspaper readership • Radio

16. Coverage Area Map KBCO 97.3 FM – Boulder, CO

17. Metropolitan Statistical AreasNew York

18. Frontier Airlines Functional Region

19. Perceptual Regions A perceptual region is a construct that reflects human feelings and attitudes about areas and is therefore defined by people’s shared subjective images of those areas. • Often refer loosely to geographic areas • Southern California • The Upper Midwest • Dixie • Shared beliefs or attitudes • Blue / Red America • Shared interests or loyalties • Red Sox Nation

20. Perceptual Regions • The “perceptual region” will often vary from person-to-person and his heavily tied to sense of place. • Sense of place refers to the feelings evoked as a result of experiences and memories that people associate with place. • Place attachment refers to the emotional and functional ties one has to a specific place.

21. The United “States”As defined by baseball loyalties

22. Defining “New England”

23. Regions as Dynamic Entities • Regions are both outcomes of geographic processes, and part of the process themselves. • The properties and boundaries of regions can change. • Formal regions defined by political boundaries are less likely to change spatially, but may change in character. • Functional regions typically maintain their defining characteristic, but change spatially. • Perceptual regions are both spatially and socially fluid in nature.

24. World Regions “Extensive geographic divisions based on continental and physiographic settings that contains major clusters of humankind with broadly similar cultural attributes.”

25. Economic Development

26. Social Well-Being UN Human Development Index Measures distribution of wealth, education, infant mortality, life expectancy, gender issues & many other factors

27. Development & Gender Equality • Global inequality of female income & attainment • In many countries women perform most of the work

28. The Triadic Core