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Topic: Classifying Matter

Topic: Classifying Matter. Which of the following is a physical change that requires energy? H 2 O (l)  H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) H 2 O (l)  H 2 O (s) H 2 O (s)  H 2 O (l) H 2 (g) + O 2 (g)  H 2 O (l). Matter. Substances. Mixtures. Heterogeneous Mixtures. Homogeneous Mixtures.

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Topic: Classifying Matter

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  1. Topic: Classifying Matter Which of the following is a physical change that requires energy? H2O (l)  H2(g) + O2 (g) H2O (l)  H2O (s) H2O (s)  H2O(l) H2(g) + O2 (g) H2O (l)

  2. Matter Substances Mixtures Heterogeneous Mixtures Homogeneous Mixtures Compounds Elements Can it be separated by physical methods NO YES Mixtures  Separated by physical methods Compounds  Separated by chemical methods

  3. Pure Substance • Homogenous (uniform throughout) • Definite composition • Same characteristic properties regardless of source which are pure substances

  4. Element • Substance that: • cannot be broken down or decomposed into simpler substance • only 1 kind of atom • has definite properties • Formulas have 1 uppercase letter Cu Cu Cu Cu F2 F F F F

  5. Atom • smallest particle of element that retains properties of element & can undergo a chemical rxn • Atoms can be combined to form molecules (2 or more atoms) F F F F

  6. Element Song Big Bang Version sung by Sheldon

  7. Compounds • 2 or more elements chemically combined in a definite ratio • Properties are different from those of elements formed from • Only Broken into elements by chemical decomposition reaction • Formulas have 2 or more uppercase letters HCl Cl H H Cl Cl H H2O O H H O H H

  8. 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl Na = atom, element Cl2= molecule, element NaCl = molecule, compound Atoms or Molecules? Element or Compound?

  9.           Particle Diagrams Atoms of a monatomic (1) element   Molecules of a diatomic (2) element   

  10. These seven elements are always diatomic H H2 N2 O2 F2 N O F Cl2 Cl Br Br2 I I2

  11.                   Particle Diagrams Molecules of a triatomic (3) compound    Mixture: monatomic element, diatomic element, triatomic compound

  12. Mixtures • Combo of 2 or more pure substances (elements + elements) (elements + compounds) (compounds + compounds) • Physically combined not chemically combined • Each substance retains its own identity and properties

  13. Mixtures • Variable composition • No unique properties (Think of sugar and salt mixed together) • Separated by physical methods • May be homogeneous or heterogeneous

  14. Types of Mixtures • Heterogeneous: definite variation in composition, individual components visible - scatters light (can’t shine light through) Oil in water Salad dressing Granite

  15. Colloids (type of heterogeneous mix.) • Particles are suspended- they are too small to see Aerosols: solid or liquid particles in gas • Ex: Smoke/Fog: solid in a gas Gas in liquid: • Ex: whipped cream Emulsion: liquid in liquid • Ex: mayonnaise (oil suspended in water – use egg yolk to Sols: solid particles in a liquid • Ex: Milk of Magnesia (solid magnesium hydroxide in water) Gels: Liquid in solid • Ex: Quicksand: sand in water

  16. Suspensions (type of heterogeneous mix.) • Particles are larger • can be evenly distributed by mechanical means (shaking the contents) • Settle out on standing

  17. Homogeneous (aka solutions): constant composition throughout, individual components not visible • Solutions in gas & liquid phases transmit light • particles not big enough to scatter light • look translucent

  18. RECAP: Solution vs Suspension • Solutions in gas & liquid phases transmit light • particles not big enough to scatter light • look translucent • Suspensions look cloudy • particles big enough to scatter light • settle on standing

  19. Solution(homogenous) vs Suspension(heterogeneous)

  20. CuSO4(aq) Solution(homogenous) vs Suspension(heterogeneous)

  21. Heterogeneous? Or Homogeneous? Compounds? Or Elements? Solid? Liquid? Gas? Homogenous Mixture: Compounds & elements Both in liquid phase O H H H H O O H O H H O F- H H O F- F- F- H H O O F- O F- F- H H H H H H F- O O Heterogeneous Mixture: elements & elements O2 in the gas phase K in the solid phase O O O O K K K K O K K O

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