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Bisakah kita mempercayai Alkitab ?

Bisakah kita mempercayai Alkitab ?. Ps.Danny Hanafi. Bisakah kita percaya Alkitab ?. 2 Timotius 3: 14-17

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Bisakah kita mempercayai Alkitab ?

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  1. BisakahkitamempercayaiAlkitab? • Ps.Danny Hanafi

  2. BisakahkitapercayaAlkitab? • 2 Timotius 3: 14-17 • Tetapihendaklahengkautetapberpegangpadakebenaran yang telahengkauterimadanengkauyakini, denganselalumengingatorang yang telahmengajarkannyakepadamu. IngatlahjugabahwadarikecilengkausudahmengenalKitabSuci yang dapatmemberihikmatkepadamudanmenuntunengkaukepadakeselamatanolehimankepadaKristusYesus. Segalatulisan yang diilhamkan Allah memangbermanfaatuntukmengajar, untukmenyatakankesalahan, untukmemperbaikikelakuandanuntukmendidikorangdalamkebenaran. Dengandemikiantiap-tiapmanusiakepunyaan Allah diperlengkapiuntuksetiapperbuatanbaik. • 2 Timotius 4: 1-4 • Di hadapan Allah danKristusYesus yang akanmenghakimiorang yang hidupdan yang mati, akuberpesandengansungguh-sungguhkepadamudemipenyataan-NyadandemiKerajaan-Nya: Beritakanlahfirman, siapsedialahbaikatautidakbaikwaktunya, nyatakanlahapa yang salah, tegorlahdannasihatilahdengansegalakesabarandanpengajaran. Karenaakandatangwaktunya, orangtidakdapatlagimenerimaajaransehat, tetapimerekaakanmengumpulkan guru-guru menurutkehendaknyauntukmemuaskankeinginantelinganya. Merekaakanmemalingkantelinganyadarikebenarandanmembukanyabagidongeng.

  3. BisakahkitapercayaAlkitab? • 2 Timotius 4:1 Di hadapan Allah danKristusYesus yang akanmenghakimiorang yang hidupdan yang mati, akuberpesandengansungguh-sungguhkepadamudemipenyataan-NyadandemiKerajaan-Nya: Beritakanlahfirman, siapsedialahbaikatautidakbaikwaktunya, nyatakanlahapa yang salah, tegorlahdannasihatilahdengansegalakesabarandanpengajaran. Karenaakandatangwaktunya, orangtidakdapatlagimenerimaajaransehat, tetapimerekaakanmengumpulkan guru-guru menurutkehendaknyauntukmemuaskankeinginantelinganya. Merekaakanmemalingkantelinganyadarikebenarandanmembukanyabagidongeng.

  4. 1. Keajaibandariasalmulanya • Bukuiniadalahbenar-benarperpustakaandaripadabuku-buku …66 jumlahnya. Ke 66 bukutersebutditulisdalamjangkawaktu 1600 tahun. Semuanyaditulisoleh 40 orang yang berbeda, dari 13 negara yang berbeda, dan 3 benuaberbeda…namunsemuanyamenjadisatusepertisebuahkarya agung, dengansatutema, dantanpaadakontradiksi. 40 orangtersebutberasaldaribermacam-macamlatarbelakang: dokter, nelayan, gembala, prajurit, raja, pangeran; ada yang kaya, ada yang miskin; ada yang berpendidikandanada yang tidakberpendidikan…

  5. 2. Keajaibandaripemeliharaannya • Voltaire dalamhidupnyaberkata, “dalam 100 tahun, Alkitabakanmenjadikitab yang terlupakan, yang akanditemukandimusium.” 100 tahunkemudian, Voltaire meninggal, danrumahnyadibeliolehSekolahAlkitab Geneva untukmencetakdanmendistribusiAlkitab! • Bob Ingersoll, seorangatheisterkenalpadaabadlalu, yang seringberjalankelilingmengantarkanpesantentangmengapaAlkitabtidakbenar, berkata, “dalam 15 tahun, sayaakanmelihatAlkitabdalamrumahduka……beliaumeninggal 15 tahunkemudian! Dialah yang beradadirumahduka, tapiAlkitabmasihterusada!

  6. Perjanjian Lama: • TulisanMassoretic: • Salinanlengkap paling pertamadariPerjanjian Lama dalambahasaIbranitertanggaldari 900 sesudahmasehi. PerbandingantulisanMassoreticdenganversi Latin danYunanijugatelahmenyatakansalinan yang sangathati-hatidanhanyasedikitselisihselamaribuantahundari 100 sebelummasehisampai 900 sesudahmasehi.

  7. Perjanjian Lama • GulungankitabLautMati s • In 1947, a young Bedouin goat herdsman found some strange clay jars in caves near the valley of the Dead Sea. Inside the jars were some leather scrolls. The discovery of these "Dead Sea Scrolls" at Qumran has been hailed as the outstanding archeological discovery of the twentieth century. The scrolls have revealed that a commune of monastic farmers flourished in the valley from 150 B.C. to 70 A.D.

  8. Perjanjian Lama • The Dead Sea Scrolls include a complete copy of the Book of Isaiah, a fragmented copy of Isaiah, containing much of Isaiah 38-6, and fragments of almost every book in the Old Testament. The majority of the fragments are from Isaiah and the Pentateuch (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy). The books of Samuel, in a tattered copy, were also found and also two complete chapters of the book of Habakkuk. In addition, there were a number of nonbiblical scrolls related to the commune found. These materials are dated around 100 B.C.

  9. Perjanjian Lama • A comparison of Isaiah 53 shows that only 17 letters differ from the Massoretic text. Ten of these are mere differences in spelling (like our "honor" and the English "honour") and produce no change in the meaning at all. Four more are very minor differences, such as the presence of a conjunction (and) which are stylistic rather than substantive. The other three letters are the Hebrew word for "light." This word was added to the text by someone after "they shall see" in verse 11. Out of 166 words in this chapter, only this one word is really in question, and it does not at all change the meaning of the passage.

  10. The Old Testament: • The Septuagint • The Greek translation of the Old Testament, called the Septuagint, also confirms the accuracy of the copyists who ultimately gave us the Massoretic text. The Septuagint is often referred to as the LXX because it was reputedly done by seventy Jewish scholars in Alexandria around 200 B.C. The LXX appears to be a rather literal translation from the Hebrew, and the manuscripts we have are pretty good copies of the original translation.

  11. PerjanjianBaru • BuktidariNaskahTulisanYunani • Lebihdari 4,000 naskahYunaniberbeda yang isinyamenulistentangPerjanjianBarusampaisaatini. • Examples: • 1. Codex Vaticanus and Codex Siniaticus • These are two excellent parchment copies of the entire New Testament which date from the 4th century (325-450 A.D.).{5} • different materials.

  12. PerjanjianBaru • 2. Older Papyrii • Earlier still, fragments and papyrus copies of portions of the New Testament date from 100 to 200 years (180-225 A.D.) before Vaticanus and Sinaticus. The outstanding ones are the Chester Beatty Papyrus (P45, P46, P47) and the Bodmer Papyrus II, XIV, XV (P46, P75).

  13. PerjanjianBaru • 3. Oldest Fragment • Perhaps the earliest piece of Scripture surviving is a fragment of a papyrus codex containing John 18:31-33 and 37. It is called the Rylands Papyrus (P52) and dates from 130 A.D., having been found in Egypt. The Rylands Papyrus has forced the critics to place the fourth gospel back into the first century, abandoning their earlier assertion that it could not have been written then by the Apostle John.

  14. PerjanjianBaru • Versions (Translations) • In addition to the actual Greek manuscripts, there are more than 1,000 copies and fragments of the New Testament in Syria, Coptic, Armenian, Gothic, and Ethiopic, as well as 8,000 copies of the Latin Vulgate, some of which date back almost to Jerome's original translation in 384 400 A.D.

  15. PerjanjianBaru • Church Fathers • A further witness to the New Testament text is sourced in the thousands of quotations found throughout the writings of the Church Fathers (the early Christian clergy [100-450 A.D.] who followed the Apostles and gave leadership to the fledgling church, beginning with Clement of Rome (96 A.D.). • It has been observed that if all of the New Testament manuscripts and Versions mentioned above were to disappear overnight, it would still be possible to reconstruct the entire New Testament with quotes from the Church Fathers, with the exception of fifteen to twenty verses!

  16. ApakahYesusjugaditulisdiluarAlkitab? • Flavius Josephus, a first century Jewish historian wrote of Jesus and the Christians: • "so he [Ananus, son of Ananus the high priest] assembled the sanhedrin of judges, and brought before him the brother of Jesus, who was called Christ, whose name was James, and some others (or some of his companions) and when he had formed an accusation against them, he delivered them to be stoned." (8)

  17. ApakahYesusjugaditulisdiluarAlkitab? • Cornelius Tacitus wrote about Jesus and the first century Christians in his Annals (a history of the Roman empire): • "Christus, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at the hands of one of our procurators, Pontius Pilatus." • Thallus, a Samaritan historian, wrote ca. 52 A.D. attempting to give a natural explanation for the earthquake and darkness which occurred at the crucifixion of Jesus. Mara Bar-Seraphon wrote a letter to his son in 73 A.D. which tells of the deaths of Socrates, Pythagoras, and of Jesus, "What advantage did the Jews gain from executing their wise king?...Nor did the wise king die for good; he lived on in the teaching which he had given." Jesus is also mentioned by Phlegon, a first-century historian, Lucian of Samosata (in The Passing Peregrinus), and Plinius Secundus, (Pliny the Younger).

  18. BuktiIlmiah • Recent scientific evidence is adding to the evidence supporting the reliability of biblical chronology from the scriptures. This study demonstrated the reliability of the Biblical record regarding the Egyptian plagues and demise of Jericho. • Drs. Hendrik J. Bruins and Johannes van der Plicht reported in the prestigious British journal, Nature (14), that the destruction of Jericho was dated to 1580 (+/- 13 years) B.C. (using 14C dating). This date is significant, since several archeologists have insisted that Jericho was destroyed by the Egyptians between 1550 and 1300 B.C. The recent study discredits the Egyptian theory, since the date is much too old. • What is even more exciting is that scientists, using 14C dating and tree rings, have found evidence of a volcanic eruption from the Aegean island of Thera, which recently has been dated to 1628 B.C. (15). This would place the eruption at 45 years prior to the destruction of Jericho, at a time which coincidentally corresponds to the time of the plagues the Lord unleashed upon Egypt. Check out Exodus 10: • Then the Lord said to Moses, "Stretch out your hand toward the sky, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even a darkness which may be felt." So Moses stretched out his hand toward the sky, and there was thick darkness in all the land of Egypt for three days. (Exodus 10:21-22) • Even the researchers commented that the 45 years difference in events was "rather striking."

  19. Prophetic Miracle • Unique among all books ever written, the Bible accurately foretells specific events-in detail-many years, sometimes centuries, before they occur. Approximately 2500 prophecies appear in the pages of the Bible, about 2000 of which already have been fulfilled to the letter—no errors. (The remaining 500 or so reach into the future and may be seen unfolding as days go by.) Since the probability for any one of these prophecies having been fulfilled by chance averages less than one in ten (figured very conservatively) and since the prophecies are for the most part independent of one another, the odds for all these prophecies having been fulfilled by chance without error is less than one in 10 to the power of 2000 (10 with 20 zeros behind it, or 100 billion billions)

  20. Prophetic Examples • (1) Some time before 500 B.C. the prophet Daniel proclaimed that Israel's long-awaited Messiah would begin his public ministry 483 years after the issuing of a decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem (Daniel 9:25-26). He further predicted that the Messiah would be "cut off," killed, and that this event would take place prior to a second destruction of Jerusalem. Abundant documentation shows that these prophecies were perfectly fulfilled in the life (and crucifixion) of Jesus Christ. The decree regarding the restoration of Jerusalem was issued by Persia's King Artaxerxes to the Hebrew priest Ezra in 458 B.C., 483 years later the ministry of Jesus Christ began in Galilee. (Remember that due to calendar changes, the date for the start of Christ's ministry is set by most historians at about 26 A.D. Also note that from 1 B.C. to 1 A.D. is just one year.) Jesus' crucifixion occurred only a few years later, and about four decades later, in 70 A.D. came the destruction of Jerusalem by Titus. • (Probability of chance fulfillment = 1 in 105.)*

  21. Prophetic Examples • 26 A.D. Also note that from 1 B.C. to 1 A.D. is just one year.) Jesus' crucifixion occurred only a few years later, and about four decades later, in 70 A.D. came the destruction of Jerusalem by Titus. • (Probability of chance fulfillment = 1 in 105.)*

  22. Prophetic Examples • (2) In approximately 700 B.C. the prophet Micah named the tiny village of Bethlehem as the birthplace of Israel's Messiah (Micah 5:2). The fulfillment of this prophecy in the birth of Christ is one of the most widely known and widely celebrated facts in history. • (Probability of chance fulfillment = 1 in 105.)

  23. Prophetic Examples • (3) In the fifth century B.C. a prophet named Zechariah declared that the Messiah would be betrayed for the price of a slave—thirty pieces of silver, according to Jewish law-and also that this money would be used to buy a burial ground for Jerusalem's poor foreigners (Zechariah 11:12-13). Bible writers and secular historians both record thirty pieces of silver as the sum paid to Judas Iscariot for betraying Jesus, and they indicate that the money went to purchase a "potter's field," used—just as predicted—for the burial of poor aliens (Matthew 27:3-10). • (Probability of chance fulfillment = 1 in 1011.)

  24. Prophetic Examples • (4) Some 400 years before crucifixion was invented, both Israel's King David and the prophet Zechariah described the Messiah's death in words that perfectly depict that mode of execution. Further, they said that the body would be pierced and that none of the bones would be broken, contrary to customary procedure in cases of crucifixion (Psalm 22 and 34:20; Zechariah 12:10). Again, historians and New Testament writers confirm the fulfillment: Jesus of Nazareth died on a Roman cross, and his extraordinarily quick death eliminated the need for the usual breaking of bones. A spear was thrust into his side to verify that he was, indeed, dead. • (Probability of chance fulfillment = 1 in 1013.)

  25. Prophetic Examples • (5) The prophet Isaiah foretold that a conqueror named Cyrus would destroy seemingly impregnable Babylon and subdue Egypt along with most of the rest of the known world. This same man, said Isaiah, would decide to let the Jewish exiles in his territory go free without any payment of ransom (Isaiah 44:28; 45:1; and 45:13). Isaiah made this prophecy 150 years before Cyrus was born, 180 years before Cyrus performed any of these feats (and he did, eventually, perform them all), and 80 years before the Jews were taken into exile. • (Probability of chance fulfillment = 1 in 1015.)

  26. Prophetic Examples • (6) Mighty Babylon, 196 miles square, was enclosed not only by a moat, but also by a double wall 330 feet high, each part 90 feet thick. It was said by unanimous popular opinion to be indestructible, yet two Bible prophets declared its doom. These prophets further claimed that the ruins would be avoided by travelers, that the city would never again be inhabited, and that its stones would not even be moved for use as building material (Isaiah 13:17-22 and Jeremiah 51:26, 43). Their description is, in fact, the well-documented history of the famous citadel. • (Probability of chance fulfillment = 1 in 109.)

  27. Prophetic Examples • (7) The exact location and construction sequence of Jerusalem's nine suburbs was predicted by Jeremiah about 2600 years ago. He referred to the time of this building project as "the last days," that is, the time period of Israel's second rebirth as a nation in the land of Palestine (Jeremiah 31:38-40). This rebirth became history in 1948, and the construction of the nine suburbs has gone forward precisely in the locations and in the sequence predicted. • (Probability of chance fulfillment = 1 in 1018.)

  28. Prophetic Examples • (8) The prophet Moses foretold (with some additions by Jeremiah and Jesus) that the ancient Jewish nation would be conquered twice and that the people would be carried off as slaves each time, first by the Babylonians (for a period of 70 years), and then by a fourth world kingdom (which we know as Rome). The second conqueror, Moses said, would take the Jews captive to Egypt in ships, selling them or giving them away as slaves to all parts of the world. Both of these predictions were fulfilled to the letter, the first in 607 B.C. and the second in 70 A.D. God's spokesmen said, further, that the Jews would remain scattered throughout the entire world for many generations, but without becoming assimilated by the peoples or of other nations, and that the Jews would one day return to the land of Palestine to re-establish for a second time their nation (Deuteronomy 29; Isaiah 11:11-13; Jeremiah 25:11; Hosea 3:4-5 and Luke 21:23-24). • This prophetic statement sweeps across 3500 years of history to its complete fulfillment—in our lifetime. • (Probability of chance fulfillment = 1 in 120.)

  29. Prophetic Examples • (9) Jeremiah predicted that despite its fertility and despite the accessibility of its water supply, the land of Edom (today a part of Jordan) would become a barren, uninhabited wasteland (Jeremiah 49:15-20; Ezekiel 25:12-14). His description accurately tells the history of that now bleak region. • (Probability of chance fulfillment = 1 in 105.) • (10) Joshua prophesied that Jericho would be rebuilt by one man. He also said that the man's eldest son would die when the reconstruction began and that his youngest son would die when the work reached completion (Joshua 6:26). About five centuries later this prophecy found its fulfillment in the life and family of a man named Hiel (1 Kings 16:33-34). • (Probability of chance fulfillment = 1 in 107). • This prophetic statement sweeps across 3500 years of history to its complete fulfillment—in our lifetime. Probability of chance fulfillment = 1 in 120.

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